EPON, umuyoboro wa interineti wa GPON n'igerageza ryo guhuza imiyoboro itatu ya OLT, ODN, na ONU

EPON (Umuyoboro wa Optique wa Ethernet Passive)

Umuyoboro wa Ethernet passive optique ni ikoranabuhanga rya PON rishingiye kuri Ethernet. Rikoresha imiterere ya point to multipoint na passive fiber optic transmission, ritanga serivisi nyinshi kuri Ethernet. Ikoranabuhanga rya EPON rigenwa n'itsinda rikora rya IEEE802.3 EFM. Muri Kamena 2004, itsinda rikora rya IEEE802.3EFM ryasohoye EPON standard - IEEE802.3ah (yahujwe n'itsinda rikora rya IEEE802.3-2005 mu 2005).
Muri ubu buryo, ikoranabuhanga rya Ethernet na PON rirahuzwa, hamwe na ikoranabuhanga rya PON rikoreshwa ku gice cy’umubiri na protocole ya Ethernet ikoreshwa ku gice cy’amakuru, hifashishijwe topology ya PON kugira ngo hagerwe ku ikoranabuhanga rya Ethernet. Kubwibyo, rihuza ibyiza by'ikoranabuhanga rya PON n'ikoranabuhanga rya Ethernet: igiciro gito, bandwidth nini, ubushobozi bwo kwaguka cyane, guhuza na Ethernet isanzweho, imicungire yoroshye, nibindi.

GPON (PON ifite ubushobozi bwa Gigabit)

Iri koranabuhanga ni ryo koranabuhanga rigezweho rya interineti ikoresha uburyo bwa internet buzwi nka “broadband passive optical access standard” rishingiye ku buryo bwa ITU-TG.984. x, rifite ibyiza byinshi nko gukoresha interineti nyinshi, gukora neza cyane, ahantu hanini ho gukwirakwiza amakuru, n’uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha interineti. Abakora benshi babifata nk’ikoranabuhanga ryiza ryo kugera ku muyoboro mugari no guhindura serivisi z’itumanaho ry’itumanaho. GPON yatanzwe bwa mbere n’umuryango wa FSAN muri Nzeri 2002. Hashingiwe kuri ibi, ITU-T yarangije iterambere rya ITU-T G.984.1 na G.984.2 muri Werurwe 2003, na G.984.3 isanzwe muri Gashyantare na Kamena 2004. Bityo, umuryango usanzwe wa GPON warashinzwe.

Ikoranabuhanga rya GPON ryaturutse ku gipimo ngenderwaho cy’ikoranabuhanga rya ATPON cyagiye gishyirwaho buhoro buhoro mu 1995, kandi PON isobanura "Passive Optical Network" mu Cyongereza. GPON (Gigabit Capable Passive Optical Network) yatanzwe bwa mbere n’umuryango wa FSAN muri Nzeri 2002. Hashingiwe kuri ibi, ITU-T yarangije iterambere rya ITU-T G.984.1 na G.984.2 muri Werurwe 2003, na G.984.3 isanzwe muri Gashyantare na Kamena 2004. Bityo, umuryango ngenderwaho wa GPON waje gushyirwaho. Imiterere y’ibanze y’ibikoresho bishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya GPON isa na PON isanzweho, igizwe na OLT (Optical Line Terminal) mu biro bikuru, ONT/ONU (Optical Network Terminal cyangwa Optical Network Unit) ku ruhande rw’umukoresha, ODN (Optical Distribution Network) igizwe na fiber imwe (SM fiber) na passive splitter, na sisitemu yo gucunga umuyoboro ihuza ibikoresho bibiri bya mbere.

Itandukaniro riri hagati ya EPON na GPON

GPON ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) kugira ngo ibashe gushyira no gukuramo icyarimwe. Ubusanzwe, icyuma gitwara urumuri cya 1490nm gikoreshwa mu gukuramo, mu gihe icyuma gitwara urumuri cya 1310nm gitoranywa mu gushyiramo. Niba ibimenyetso bya televiziyo bikenewe koherezwa, icyuma gitwara urumuri cya 1550nm nacyo kizakoreshwa. Nubwo buri ONU ishobora kugera ku muvuduko wo gukuramo wa 2.488 Gbits/s, GPON ikoresha kandi Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) kugira ngo igene umwanya runaka kuri buri mukoresha mu kimenyetso cy’igihe runaka.

Igipimo ntarengwa cyo gukuramo XGPON ni 10Gbits/s, naho igipimo cyo gushyiramo nacyo ni 2.5Gbit/s. Ikoresha kandi ikoranabuhanga rya WDM, kandi uburebure bw'urumuri rw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byo hejuru n'ibyo hasi ni 1270nm na 1577nm, uko bikurikirana.

Bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’umuvuduko wo kohereza amakuru, ONU nyinshi zishobora gucibwamo ibice hakurikijwe imiterere imwe y’amakuru, aho intera ntarengwa yo kugera kuri kilometero 20. Nubwo XGPON itarakoreshwa cyane, itanga inzira nziza yo kuvugurura itumanaho ry’urumuri.

EPON irahuye neza n'izindi ngamba za Ethernet, bityo nta mpamvu yo guhindura cyangwa gushyiramo amakuru iyo ihujwe n'imiyoboro ishingiye kuri Ethernet, ifite umutwaro ntarengwa wa bytes 1518. EPON ntisaba uburyo bwo kwinjira muri CSMA/CD muri verisiyo zimwe na zimwe za Ethernet. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko kohereza amakuru muri Ethernet ari bwo buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kohereza amakuru muri ako gace, nta mpamvu yo guhindura protocole y'umuyoboro mu gihe cyo kuvugurura umuyoboro wa Metropolitan.

Hariho kandi verisiyo ya Ethernet ya 10 Gbit/s yitwa 802.3av. Umuvuduko nyawo w'umurongo ni 10.3125 Gbit/s. Uburyo nyamukuru ni 10 Gbits/s uplink na downlink rate, zimwe zikoresha 10 Gbits/s downlink na 1 Gbit/s uplink.

Verisiyo ya Gbit/s ikoresha uburebure butandukanye bw'urumuri kuri fibre, hamwe n'uburebure bw'urumuri buzaza bwa 1575-1580nm n'uburebure bw'urumuri buzaza bwa 1260-1280nm. Kubwibyo, sisitemu ya 10 Gbit/s na sisitemu isanzwe ya 1Gbit/s bishobora guhindurwamo uburebure bw'urumuri kuri fibre imwe.

Guhuza imikino itatu

Guhuza imiyoboro itatu bivuze ko mu nzira y’iterambere kuva ku muyoboro w’itumanaho, umuyoboro wa radiyo na televiziyo, na interineti kugera ku muyoboro w’itumanaho wa interineti, umuyoboro wa televiziyo ya digitale, na interineti y’igisekuru gitaha, imiyoboro itatu, binyuze mu mpinduka mu bya tekiniki, ikunda kugira imirimo imwe ya tekiniki, urwego rumwe rw’ubucuruzi, guhuza imiyoboro, gusangira umutungo, kandi ishobora guha abakoresha ijwi, amakuru, radiyo na televiziyo n’izindi serivisi. Guhuza imiyoboro itatu ntibisobanura guhuza imiyoboro itatu ikomeye, ahubwo ahanini bivuga guhuza porogaramu zo mu rwego rwo hejuru z’ubucuruzi.

Guhuza imiyoboro itatu bikoreshwa cyane mu nzego zitandukanye nko gutwara abantu mu buryo bw’ubwenge, kurengera ibidukikije, akazi ka leta, umutekano rusange, no mu ngo zitekanye. Mu gihe kizaza, telefoni zigendanwa zishobora kureba televiziyo no gukoresha interineti, televiziyo ishobora guhamagara no gukoresha interineti, na mudasobwa zishobora guhamagara no kureba televiziyo.

Guhuza imiyoboro itatu bishobora gusesengurwa mu buryo bw'ibitekerezo bivuye mu buryo butandukanye n'urwego rutandukanye, birimo guhuza ikoranabuhanga, guhuza ubucuruzi, guhuza inganda, guhuza imikorere, no guhuza imiyoboro.

Ikoranabuhanga rya interineti

Ikoranabuhanga rya interineti rikoresha umuyoboro munini ni ikoranabuhanga ry’itumanaho rya fiber optique. Imwe mu ntego zo guhuza imiyoboro ni ugutanga serivisi zihuriweho binyuze mu muyoboro. Kugira ngo utange serivisi zihuriweho, ni ngombwa kugira urubuga rw’umuyoboro rushobora gushyigikira kohereza serivisi zitandukanye za multimedia (streaming media) nka amajwi na videwo.

Ibiranga ubu bucuruzi ni ugukenera cyane ubucuruzi, ubwinshi bw'amakuru, n'ibisabwa ku rwego rwo hejuru rwa serivisi, bityo muri rusange bisaba bandwidth nini cyane mu gihe cyo kohereza amakuru. Byongeye kandi, mu rwego rw'ubukungu, ikiguzi ntikigomba kuba kinini cyane. Muri ubu buryo, ikoranabuhanga ry'itumanaho rya fibre optique rifite ubushobozi bwinshi kandi rirambye ryabaye amahitamo meza ku itangazamakuru ritanga amakuru. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya internet, cyane cyane ikoranabuhanga ry'itumanaho rya optique, ritanga bandwidth ikenewe, ireme ry'itumanaho, n'igiciro gito cyo kohereza amakuru atandukanye y'ubucuruzi.

Nk'ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi mu itumanaho rya none, ikoranabuhanga ry'itumanaho rikoresha optique riri gutera imbere ku gipimo cy'inshuro 100 buri myaka 10. Kohereza fibre optique ifite ubushobozi bunini ni urubuga rwiza rwo kohereza amakuru ku "miyoboro itatu" kandi ikaba ari yo itwara amakuru mu muhanda munini w'amakuru mu gihe kizaza. Ikoranabuhanga rinini ry'itumanaho rya fibre optique ryakoreshejwe cyane mu itumanaho, mu miyoboro ya mudasobwa, no mu itumanaho na televiziyo.