Imashini ikoresha frequency y'urumuri n'imashini ikoresha amashanyarazi?

Tuzi ko kuva mu myaka ya 1990, ikoranabuhanga rya WDM wavelength division multiplexing ryakoreshejwe mu guhuza fiber optique intera ndende mu birometero amagana cyangwa ibihumbi. Ku bihugu byinshi n'uturere, ibikorwa remezo bya fiber optique ni byo bihenze cyane, mu gihe ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho bya transceiver kiri hasi.

Ariko, bitewe n’izamuka rikomeye ry’umuvuduko wo kohereza amakuru kuri interineti nka 5G, ikoranabuhanga rya WDM ryarushijeho kuba ingenzi mu miyoboro migufi, kandi ingano y’imiyoboro migufi ni nini cyane, bigatuma igiciro n’ingano by’ibice bya transceiver birushaho kwihuta.

Kugeza ubu, iyi miyoboro iracyakoresha ibihumbi by'imigozi ya optique ifite uburyo bumwe bwo kohereza amakuru mu buryo bumwe binyuze mu miyoboro ya multiplexing yo mu kirere, kandi igipimo cy'amakuru ya buri muyoboro kiri hasi, nibura Gbit/s nkeya (800G). T-level ishobora kugira porogaramu nke.

Ariko mu gihe kiri imbere, igitekerezo cyo guhuza imiterere y’ahantu hasanzwe kizagera ku mupaka wacyo wo kwaguka, kandi kigomba kongerwaho no guhuza imiterere y’amakuru muri buri fibre kugira ngo hakomeze kunozwa ibipimo by’amakuru. Ibi bishobora gufungura umwanya mushya wo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gukwirakwiza uburebure bw’umuraba, aho kwaguka ntarengwa kw’umubare w’imiyoboro n’umubare w’amakuru ari ingenzi cyane.

Muri iki gihe, icyuma gitanga amashanyarazi ku nshuro nyinshi (FCG), nk'urumuri rugufi kandi rudahinduka rufite ubunini bwinshi bw'uburebure, gishobora gutanga umubare munini w'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bisobanutse neza, bityo kikagira uruhare runini. Byongeye kandi, inyungu ikomeye cyane y'icyuma gitanga amashanyarazi ku nshuro nyinshi ni uko imirongo y'icyuma ingana mu buryo bungana, ibyo bikaba bishobora kugabanya ibisabwa ku migozi yo kurinda imiyoboro no kwirinda kugenzura ingano isabwa ku mirongo imwe mu buryo busanzwe bukoresha DFB laser arrays.

Tugomba kumenya ko izi nyungu zitareba gusa icyuma gikwirakwiza ubunini bw'urumuri, ahubwo kinareba n'icyuma gifata amashusho, aho icyuma gifata amashusho (LO) gishobora gusimburwa n'icyuma gitanga amakuru kimwe. Gukoresha icyuma gitanga amakuru cya LO bishobora koroshya uburyo bwo gutunganya ibimenyetso by'ikoranabuhanga mu miyoboro igabanya ubunini bw'urumuri, bityo bikagabanya ubukana bw'icyuma gitanga amakuru kandi bikanoza ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira urusaku rw'urumuri.

Byongeye kandi, gukoresha ibimenyetso bya LO comb bifite imikorere ifunganye kugira ngo harebwe neza bishobora no kongera kubaka imiterere y’igihe cy’ikimenyetso cyose cya multiplexing cy’uburebure bw’umuraba, bityo bikishyura ibyangiritse bitewe n’uburyo bworoshye bwo kohereza ubutumwa. Uretse inyungu zishingiye ku kohereza ubutumwa bw’uburebure bw’umuraba, ingano nto n’umusaruro munini uhendutse nabyo ni ibintu by’ingenzi ku bikoresho bya transceivers bigabanya ubunini bw’umuraba mu gihe kizaza.

Kubwibyo, mu bitekerezo bitandukanye byo gutera ibimenyetso by'amakuru, ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa chip ni byo by'ingenzi cyane. Iyo bihujwe n'imiyoboro ya fotonike ihuriweho ishobora kwaguka cyane yo guhindura ibimenyetso by'amakuru, gupima byinshi, gukoresha uburyo bwa 'routing', no kwakira amakuru, ibyo bikoresho bishobora kuba ingenzi kuri 'transceivers' nto kandi zikora neza zo gutandukanya uburebure bw'umuraba zishobora gukorwa ku bwinshi ku giciro gito, zifite ubushobozi bwo kohereza bungana na Tbit/s kuri buri fibre.

Ku musozo w'inyuma yo kohereza, buri muyoboro uhuzwa binyuze muri multiplexer (MUX), kandi ikimenyetso cya multiplexing cy'uburebure bw'umurambararo cyoherezwa binyuze muri fibre imwe. Ku musozo wo kwakira, igikoresho cya multiplexing cy'uburebure bw'umurambararo (WDM Rx) gikoresha oscillator ya LO ya FCG ya kabiri kugira ngo kimenye interference y'uburebure bwinshi. Umuyoboro w'ikimenyetso cya multiplexing cy'uburebure bw'umurambararo w'umurambararo utandukanywa na demultiplexer hanyuma woherezwa kuri coherent receiver array (Coh. Rx). Muri byo, frequency ya demultiplexing ya local oscillator LO ikoreshwa nk'icyitegererezo cy'icyiciro kuri buri coherent receiver. Imikorere y'iyi coherent ya multiplexing y'uburebure bw'umurambararo ishingiye ahanini ku gikoresho cy'ibanze cy'ikimenyetso cy'umurambararo, cyane cyane ubugari bw'urumuri n'imbaraga z'urumuri za buri murongo w'ikimenyetso.

Birumvikana ko ikoranabuhanga ryo gukamura amatara rikiri mu cyiciro cyo gutera imbere, kandi uburyo rikoreshwamo n'ingano y'isoko ni bike cyane. Iyo rishoboye gutsinda imbogamizi z'ikoranabuhanga, kugabanya ikiguzi, no kunoza uburyo bwo kwizera, rishobora kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu kohereza amatara.