EPON Network Umuyoboro wa Ethernet Passive Optical Network）
Umuyoboro wa Ethernet passive optique ni tekinoroji ya PON ishingiye kuri Ethernet. Ifata ingingo yo kugwiza imiterere no gukwirakwiza fibre optique, itanga serivisi nyinshi kuri Ethernet. Ikoranabuhanga rya EPON risanzwe nitsinda rya IEEE802.3 EFM. Muri kamena 2004, itsinda ryakazi rya IEEE802.3EFM ryasohoye ibipimo bya EPON - IEEE802.3ah (byahujwe na IEEE802.3-2005 muri 2005).
Muri iki gipimo, tekinoroji ya Ethernet na PON ihujwe, hamwe na tekinoroji ya PON ikoreshwa kurwego rwumubiri na protocole ya Ethernet ikoreshwa kumurongo uhuza amakuru, ukoresheje topologiya ya PON kugirango ugere kuri Ethernet. Kubwibyo, ikomatanya ibyiza byikoranabuhanga rya PON hamwe na tekinoroji ya Ethernet: igiciro gito, umuvuduko mwinshi, ubunini bukomeye, guhuza na Ethernet ihari, gucunga neza, nibindi.
GPON (Gigabit-ishobora PON)
Ikoranabuhanga nigisekuru gishya cya Broadband passive optique ihuriweho hamwe igendeye kuri ITU-TG.984. x isanzwe, ifite ibyiza byinshi nkumuyoboro mwinshi, gukora neza, ahantu hanini ho gukwirakwizwa, hamwe nabakoresha interineti. Abakozi benshi bafatwa nkikoranabuhanga ryiza ryo kugera ku murongo mugari no guhindura byimazeyo serivisi za serivise. GPON yasabwe bwa mbere n’umuryango FSAN muri Nzeri 2002. Hashingiwe kuri ibyo, ITU-T yarangije iterambere rya ITU-T G.984.1 na G.984.2 muri Werurwe 2003, inashyira G.984.3 muri Gashyantare na Kamena 2004. Gutyo, umuryango usanzwe wa GPON washyizweho amaherezo.
Ikoranabuhanga rya GPON ryaturutse ku buhanga bwa ATMPON bwagiye buhoro buhoro mu 1995, naho PON isobanura "Passive Optical Network" mu Cyongereza. GPON (Gigabit Capable Passive Optical Network) yatanzwe bwa mbere n’umuryango wa FSAN muri Nzeri 2002. Hashingiwe kuri ibyo, ITU-T yarangije iterambere rya ITU-T G.984.1 na G.984.2 muri Werurwe 2003, inashyira G.984.3 muri Gashyantare na Kamena 2004. Rero, umuryango usanzwe wa GPON washyizweho amaherezo. Imiterere yibanze yibikoresho bishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya GPON isa na PON iriho, igizwe na OLT (Optical Line Terminal) ku biro bikuru, ONT / ONU (Optical Network Terminal cyangwa Optical Network Unit) kumpera yumukoresha, ODN (Umuyoboro wo gukwirakwiza Optical) ) igizwe na fibre imwe-fibre (SM fibre) hamwe na passive splitter, hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga imiyoboro ihuza ibikoresho bibiri byambere.
Itandukaniro riri hagati ya EPON na GPON
GPON ikoresha tekinoroji yo kugabana kugwiza (WDM) tekinoroji kugirango ishobore gukuramo icyarimwe no gukuramo. Mubisanzwe, 1490nm itwara optique ikoreshwa mugukuramo, mugihe 1310nm itwara optique yatoranijwe yo kohereza. Niba ibimenyetso bya TV bigomba koherezwa, hazakoreshwa kandi 1550nm itwara optique. Nubwo buri ONU ishobora kugera kumuvuduko wo gukuramo 2.488 Gbits / s, GPON ikoresha kandi igihe cyo kugabana inshuro nyinshi (TDMA) kugirango igabanye umwanya runaka kuri buri mukoresha mubimenyetso byigihe.
Igipimo ntarengwa cyo gukuramo XGPON kigera kuri 10Gbits / s, kandi igipimo cyo kohereza nacyo ni 2.5Gbit / s. Ikoresha kandi tekinoroji ya WDM, kandi uburebure bwumurongo wa optique yo hejuru no hepfo ya optique ni 1270nm na 1577nm.
Bitewe nubwiyongere bwikwirakwizwa, ONU nyinshi zirashobora kugabanywa ukurikije imiterere yamakuru, hamwe nintera ntarengwa yo kugera kuri 20km. Nubwo XGPON itaremerwa henshi, itanga inzira nziza yo kuzamura abakoresha itumanaho ryiza.
EPON irahuye rwose nibindi bipimo bya Ethernet, ntabwo rero bikenewe guhinduka cyangwa gufunga mugihe uhujwe numuyoboro ushingiye kuri Ethernet, hamwe nuburemere ntarengwa bwa 1518 bytes. EPON ntabwo isaba uburyo bwa CSMA / CD muburyo bumwe bwa Ethernet. Mubyongeyeho, nkuko Ethernet ikwirakwiza aribwo buryo nyamukuru bwo guhererekanya imiyoboro y’akarere, nta mpamvu yo guhindura imiyoboro ya protocole mugihe cyo kuzamura umuyoboro wa metero nkuru.
Hariho na 10 Gbit / s Ethernet verisiyo yagenwe nka 802.3av. Umuvuduko nyawo wumurongo ni 10.3125 Gbits / s. Uburyo nyamukuru ni 10 Gbits / s kuzamuka no kugabanuka, hamwe na bamwe bakoresha 10 Gbits / s kumanuka na 1 Gbit / s hejuru.
Verisiyo ya Gbit / s ikoresha uburebure butandukanye bwa optique kuri fibre, hamwe nuburebure bwo hasi bwa 1575-1580nm hamwe nuburebure bwo hejuru bwa 1260-1280nm. Kubwibyo, sisitemu 10 ya Gbit / s hamwe na sisitemu isanzwe ya 1Gbit / s irashobora kuba uburebure bwumurongo wikubye kuri fibre imwe.
Inshuro eshatu gukina
Guhuza imiyoboro itatu bivuze ko mugihe cyubwihindurize kuva kumurongo witumanaho, radio na tereviziyo, na interineti kugera kumurongo woguhuza umurongo mugari, umuyoboro wa tereviziyo ya digitale, hamwe na enterineti izakurikiraho, imiyoboro itatu, binyuze muburyo bwo guhindura tekinike, ikunda kugira imikorere ya tekinike imwe, urwego rumwe rwubucuruzi, guhuza imiyoboro, kugabana umutungo, kandi birashobora guha abakoresha amajwi, amakuru, radio na tereviziyo nizindi serivisi. Kwishyira hamwe inshuro eshatu ntabwo bivuze guhuza umubiri muburyo butatu, ariko cyane cyane bivanga guhuza ibikorwa byo murwego rwohejuru rwubucuruzi.
Guhuza imiyoboro itatu bikoreshwa cyane mubice bitandukanye nko gutwara abantu ubwenge, kurengera ibidukikije, imirimo ya leta, umutekano rusange, n’ingo zifite umutekano. Mu bihe biri imbere, terefone zigendanwa zishobora kureba televiziyo no kuzenguruka kuri interineti, TV irashobora guhamagara kuri telefoni no kuri interineti, kandi mudasobwa zishobora no guhamagara no kureba televiziyo.
Guhuriza hamwe imiyoboro itatu irashobora gusesengurwa muburyo butandukanye no mubyiciro bitandukanye, birimo guhuza ikoranabuhanga, guhuza ubucuruzi, guhuza inganda, guhuza itumanaho, no guhuza imiyoboro.
Ikoreshwa rya Broadband
Umubiri nyamukuru wa tekinoroji ya Broadband ni tekinoroji ya fibre optique. Imwe mumigambi yo guhuza imiyoboro ni ugutanga serivisi zihuriweho binyuze murusobe. Kugirango utange serivisi zihuriweho, birakenewe kugira urubuga rwumuyoboro rushobora gushyigikira itumanaho rya serivise zitandukanye (media media streaming) nka majwi na videwo.
Ibiranga ubu bucuruzi nibisabwa cyane mubucuruzi, ubwinshi bwamakuru, hamwe nibisabwa murwego rwo hejuru, bityo rero bisaba umurongo mugari mugihe cyohereza. Byongeye kandi, ukurikije ubukungu, ikiguzi ntigikwiye kuba kinini. Muri ubu buryo, ubushobozi bukomeye kandi burambye bwa fibre optique itumanaho ryahindutse uburyo bwiza bwo gutangaza amakuru. Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya Broadband, cyane cyane tekinoroji yitumanaho rya optique, ritanga umurongo wa ngombwa, ubwiza bwogukwirakwiza, nigiciro gito cyo kohereza amakuru atandukanye yubucuruzi.
Nka tekinoroji yinkingi murwego rwitumanaho rya none, tekinoroji yitumanaho ya optique iratera imbere kumuvuduko wikubye inshuro 100 mumyaka 10. Fibre optique yohereza hamwe nubushobozi bunini nuburyo bwiza bwo kohereza "imiyoboro itatu" hamwe ningenzi mu gutwara ibintu byumuhanda uzaza amakuru. Ubushobozi bunini bwa fibre optique itumanaho ryakoreshejwe cyane mumiyoboro y'itumanaho, imiyoboro ya mudasobwa, hamwe na tereviziyo ya tereviziyo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-12-2024