Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho byo ku ruhande rw'abakoresha mu gukoresha imiyoboro ya interineti, dukunze kubona amagambo y'Icyongereza nka ONU, ONT, SFU, na HGU. Aya magambo asobanura iki? Itandukaniro ni irihe?
1. ONU na ONT
Ubwoko bw'ingenzi bw'ibikoresho byo gukoresha interineti birimo: FTTH, FTTO, na FTTB, kandi imiterere y'ibikoresho byo ku ruhande rw'umukoresha iratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho byo gukoresha. Ibikoresho byo ku ruhande rw'umukoresha bya FTTH na FTTO bikoreshwa n'umukoresha umwe, witwaONT(Umuyoboro w'itumanaho ukoresha optique, umuyoboro w'itumanaho ukoresha optique), kandi ibikoresho bya FTTB ku ruhande rw'umukoresha bisangirwa n'abakoresha benshi, byitwaONU(Ishami ry'umuyoboro w'amatara, ishami ry'umuyoboro w'amatara).
Umukoresha uvugwa hano yerekeza ku mukoresha wishyuzwa amafaranga ku giti cye n'umukoresha, ntabwo yerekeza ku mubare w'imiyoboro yakoreshejwe. Urugero, ONT ya FTTH muri rusange ihuriweho n'imiyoboro myinshi mu rugo, ariko umukoresha umwe gusa ni we ushobora kubarwa.
2. Ubwoko bwa ONTs
ONT ni icyo dukunze kwita modem y'ikoranabuhanga, igabanyijemo SFU (Itsinda ry'umuryango umwe, itsinda ry'abakoresha umuryango umwe), HGU (Itsinda ry'irembo, itsinda ry'irembo ryo mu rugo) na SBU (Itsinda ry'ubucuruzi rimwe, itsinda ry'abakoresha ubucuruzi bumwe).
2.1. SFU
Muri rusange, SFU ifite imiyoboro ya Ethernet 1 kugeza kuri 4, imiyoboro ya telefoni 1 kugeza kuri 2 idahinduka, kandi amwe mu mamodeli afite imiyoboro ya televiziyo ya cable. SFU nta miyoboro ifite aho ihurira n'urugo, kandi ni terminal ihujwe na port ya Ethernet yonyine ishobora guhamagara kugira ngo igere kuri interineti, kandi imikorere yo gucunga kure ni mike. Modem y'urumuri yakoreshejwe mu ntangiriro za FTTH ni iya SFU, idakunze gukoreshwa cyane ubu.
2.2. Ibipimo bya HGU
Modemu za optique zifite abakoresha FTTH zafunguwe mu myaka ya vuba aha zose niHGUUgereranyije na SFU, HGU ifite ibyiza bikurikira:
(1) HGU ni igikoresho cyo kwinjira, cyoroshye gukoresha mu miyoboro yo mu rugo; mu gihe SFU ari igikoresho cyo kohereza amakuru gisobanutse, kidafite ubushobozi bwo kwinjira, kandi muri rusange gisaba ubufatanye bw'ibikoresho byo kwinjira nka rutayeri zo mu rugo mu miyoboro yo mu rugo.
(2) HGU ishyigikira uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru kandi ifite imikorere ya NAT, ari cyo gikoresho cya layer-3; mu gihe ubwoko bwa SFU bushyigikira gusa uburyo bwo guhuza amakuru bwa layer-2, bungana na switch ya layer-2.
(3) HGU ishobora gushyira mu bikorwa porogaramu yayo yo guhamagara kuri interineti, kandi mudasobwa zihujwe na terefone zigendanwa zishobora kwinjira kuri interineti zitabanje guhamagara; mu gihe SFU igomba guhamagara kuri mudasobwa y'umukoresha cyangwa telefoni igendanwa cyangwa binyuze kuri router yo mu rugo.
(4) HGU yorohereza imicungire minini y'ibikorwa n'imicungire y'ibikorwa.
Ubusanzwe HGU iza naWiFi kandi ifite umuyoboro wa USB.
2.3. Ibigo bito by'imari n'imigabane (SBUs)
SBU ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukoresha FTTO, kandi muri rusange ifite Ethernet, kandi zimwe na zimwe zifite urubuga rwa E1, urubuga rwo ku murongo wa telefoni, cyangwa imikorere ya wifi. Ugereranyije na SFU na HGU, SBU ifite imikorere myiza yo kurinda amashanyarazi kandi ifite umutekano mwinshi, kandi ikoreshwa no mu birori byo hanze nko kureba amashusho.
3. ONUTyego
ONU igabanyijemo ibiceMDU(Inzu y'Abakodesha benshi, inzu icumbikira abantu benshi) na MTU (Inzu y'Abakodesha benshi, inzu icumbikira abantu benshi).
MDU ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kugera ku bakoresha benshi mu ngo zabo hakurikijwe ubwoko bwa porogaramu ya FTTB, kandi muri rusange ifite nibura imiyoboro ine yo ku ruhande rw'abakoresha, akenshi ifite imiyoboro 8, 16, 24 ya FE cyangwa FE+POTS (telefone ihoraho).
MTU ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukoresha abakoresha benshi mu bigo cyangwa terminal nyinshi mu kigo kimwe muri FTTB. Uretse interface ya Ethernet na interface ya telefoni idahinduka, ishobora no kugira interface ya E1; imiterere n'imikorere ya MTU akenshi ntabwo ari bimwe n'ibya MDU. Itandukaniro, ariko imikorere yo kurinda amashanyarazi irarushaho kuba myiza kandi ituze riri hejuru. Uko FTTO igenda ikwirakwira, imiterere ya MTU irushaho kuba nto.
4. Incamake
Uburyo bwo gukoresha fibre optique ya Broadband ahanini bukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya PON. Iyo ubwoko bwihariye bw'ibikoresho byo ku ruhande rw'umukoresha butatandukanijwe, ibikoresho byo ku ruhande rw'umukoresha bya sisitemu ya PON bishobora kwitwa ONU.
ONU, ONT, SFU, HGU…izi ibikoresho Byose bisobanura ibikoresho byo ku ruhande rw'umukoresha kugira ngo umuyoboro wa interineti ugere ku mpande zitandukanye, kandi isano iri hagati yabyo igaragara ku ishusho iri hepfo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 21 Mata 2023