1. Gushyira mu byiciroFiberAama-mplifiers
Hari ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bwa amplifiers z'ikoranabuhanga:
(1) Amplifier y'amajwi ya Semiconductor (SOA, Amplifier y'amajwi ya Semiconductor);
(2) Amplifiers za fibre optique zigizwe n'ibintu by'ubutaka bidasanzwe (erbium Er, thulium Tm, praseodymium Pr, rubidium Nd, nibindi), ahanini amplifiers za fibre zigizwe na erbium (EDFA), kimwe n'ibyuma bikuza fibre bya thulium (TDFA) na praseodymium (PDFA), n'ibindi.
(3) Amplifiers za fibre zidafite umurongo ugororotse, cyane cyane amplifiers za fibre Raman (FRA, Fiber Raman Amplifier). Igereranya ry'imikorere y'izi amplifiers z'urumuri rigaragazwa mu mbonerahamwe.
EDFA (Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier)
Sisitemu ya laser ifite inzego nyinshi ishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe ibintu bidasanzwe bya quartz (nka Nd, Er, Pr, Tm, nibindi), kandi urumuri rw'ikimenyetso cy'inyongera rukongerwa mu buryo butaziguye bitewe n'urumuri rwa pompe. Nyuma yo gutanga ibitekerezo bikwiye, laser ya fiber irakorwa. Ubunini bw'uburebure bw'umurambararo wa amplifier ya fiber ya Nd ni 1060nm na 1330nm, kandi iterambere ryayo n'ikoreshwa ryayo ni bike bitewe no kunyura ku cyambu cyiza cy'itumanaho rya fiber optic n'izindi mpamvu. Ubunini bw'uburebure bw'umurambararo bwa EDFA na PDFA buri mu idirishya ry'igihombo gito cyane (1550nm) n'ubunini bw'umurambararo wa zero (1300nm) w'itumanaho rya fiber optic, kandi TDFA ikorera muri S-band, ikwiriye cyane gukoreshwa muri sisitemu y'itumanaho rya fiber optic. Cyane cyane EDFA, iterambere ryihuse cyane, ryabaye ingirakamaro.
ItsindaPimiterere ya EDFA
Imiterere y'ibanze ya EDFA igaragara ku Ishusho ya 1 (a), igizwe ahanini n'uburyo bukora (fibre silica ivanze na erbium ifite uburebure bwa metero icumi, ifite umurambararo w'ibanze wa mikoroni 3-5 n'icyerekezo cya doping cya (25-1000)x10-6), isoko ry'urumuri rwa pompe (990 cyangwa 1480nm LD), coupler optical na optical isolator. Urumuri rw'ibimenyetso n'urumuri rwa pompe bishobora gukwirakwira mu cyerekezo kimwe (codirectional pumping), mu cyerekezo gitandukanye (reverse pumping) cyangwa mu byerekezo byombi (bidirectional pumping) muri fibre ya erbium. Iyo urumuri rw'ibimenyetso n'urumuri rwa pompe bishyizwe muri fibre ya erbium icyarimwe, iyoni za erbium zishyuha kugeza ku rwego rwo hejuru rw'ingufu munsi y'igikorwa cy'urumuri rwa pompe (Ishusho ya 1 (b), sisitemu y'urwego rutatu), kandi zihita zibora kugera ku rwego rw'ingufu zihindagurika, iyo zigarutse ku butaka munsi y'igikorwa cy'urumuri rw'ibimenyetso, zisohora fotoni zijyanye n'urumuri rw'ibimenyetso, ku buryo ikimenyetso cyongerwa. Ishusho ya 1 (c) ni spectrum yayo ya ASE ifite umuvuduko munini (kugeza kuri 20-40nm) n'impinga ebyiri zihwanye na 1530nm na 1550nm uko bikurikirana.
Ibyiza by'ingenzi bya EDFA ni ugukura cyane, bandwidth nini, imbaraga nyinshi zo gusohora, imikorere myiza ya pompe, gutakaza ingufu nke, no kudasobanukirwa imiterere ya polarization.
2. Ibibazo bya Fiber Optical Amplifiers
Nubwo amplifier y'amajwi (cyane cyane EDFA) ifite ibyiza byinshi bitangaje, si amplifier nziza. Uretse urusaku rw'inyongera rugabanya SNR y'ikimenyetso, hari n'ibindi bibazo bimwe na bimwe, nka:
- Ubusumbane bw'umuvuduko w'inyungu muri bandwidth ya amplifier bugira ingaruka ku mikorere ya amplification y'imiyoboro myinshi;
- Iyo amplifiers z'ikoranabuhanga zishyizwe mu buryo butunguranye, ingaruka z'urusaku rwa ASE, gukwirakwira kwa fibre n'ingaruka zitari umurongo ziyongera.
Ibi bibazo bigomba gusuzumwa mu mikoreshereze n'imiterere ya sisitemu.
3. Gukoresha Amplifier y'Umucyo muri Sisitemu y'Itumanaho rya Fiber Optical
Muri sisitemu y'itumanaho rya fibre optique,Amplifier ya Fiber Opticalishobora gukoreshwa atari nk'icyuma gitera imbaraga cyongera ingufu cya transmitter kugira ngo yongere imbaraga zo kohereza, ahubwo inakoreshwa nk'icyuma gitera imbaraga mbere ya receiver kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwo kwakira, kandi ishobora no gusimbura repeater isanzwe ya optique-electric-optical, kugira ngo yongere intera yo kohereza no gutumanaho kuri optique.
Muri sisitemu y'itumanaho rya fibre optique, ibintu by'ingenzi bigabanya intera yo kohereza ni ugutakaza no gukwirakwira kwa fibre optique. Hakoreshejwe isoko y'urumuri rwa spectrum nto, cyangwa ikora hafi y'uburebure bwa zero-dispersion, ingaruka zo gukwirakwira kwa fibre ni nto. Iyi sisitemu ntabwo ikeneye gukora regeneration yuzuye ya signal timing (3R relay) kuri buri sitasiyo yo gukwirakwiza. Birahagije kongera imbaraga za optique ukoresheje amplifier optique (1R relay). Amplifier optique ishobora gukoreshwa atari muri sisitemu ndende gusa, ahubwo no muri networks optique distribution, cyane cyane muri sisitemu za WDM, kugira ngo yongere imbaraga za channels nyinshi icyarimwe.
1) Gukoresha Amplifiers z'Umucyo muri Sisitemu y'Itumanaho rya Fiber Optical
Ishusho ya 2 ni imbonerahamwe yerekana ikoreshwa rya amplifier y'urumuri mu buryo bw'itumanaho rya fibre optique. (a) Ishusho igaragaza ko amplifier y'urumuri ikoreshwa nk'amplifier yongerera imbaraga y'icyuma gitanga amakuru n'amplifier y'icyuma gitanga amakuru mbere y'igihe kugira ngo intera idasaba kohereza amakuru yikubye kabiri. Urugero, gukoresha EDFA, uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru Intera ya 1.8Gb/s yiyongera kuva kuri 120km ikagera kuri 250km cyangwa ikagera kuri 400km. Ishusho ya 2 (b)-(d) ni ikoreshwa rya amplifiers optique muri sisitemu nyinshi zo gusimbuza; Ishusho ya (b) ni uburyo busanzwe bwo gusimbuza 3R; Ishusho ya (c) ni uburyo bwo gusimbuza 3R repeaters na amplifiers optique; Ishusho ya 2 (d) Ni uburyo bwo gusimbuza ibyuma byose; muri sisitemu yo gutumanaho ibyuma byose, ntabwo irimo igihe n'uburyo bwo kongera gukora, bityo ikaba igaragara neza, kandi nta "buryo bwo gusimbuza icupa ry'ikoranabuhanga". Igihe cyose ibikoresho byo kohereza no kwakira ku mpande zombi bisimbuwe, biroroshye kuvugurura kuva ku gipimo gito ukagera ku gipimo cyo hejuru, kandi amplifiers optique ntabwo ikeneye gusimbuzwa.
2) Gukoresha Amplifier y'Umucyo mu Muyoboro w'Ikwirakwiza ry'Umucyo
Ibyiza byo gutanga ingufu nyinshi bya amplifiers optique (cyane cyane EDFA) ni ingirakamaro cyane mu miyoboro ikwirakwiza interineti (nk'urugero:CATVImiyoboro). Umuyoboro usanzwe wa CATV ukoresha insinga ya coaxial, igomba kongerwamo ingufu buri metero magana menshi, kandi uburebure bwa serivisi y'umuyoboro ni nka kilometero 7. Umuyoboro wa CATV wa fibre optique ukoresha amplifiers optique ntushobora kongera umubare w'abakoresha gusa, ahubwo unagura cyane inzira y'umuyoboro. Iterambere riherutse ryagaragaje ko gukwirakwiza fibre optique/hybrid (HFC) bikurura imbaraga zombi kandi bifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana.
Ishusho ya 4 ni urugero rw'umuyoboro w'itumanaho ukwirakwiza fibre optique wo guhindura AM-VSB imiyoboro 35 ya televiziyo. Isoko y'urumuri rw'iyi transmitter ni DFB-LD ifite uburebure bwa 1550nm n'imbaraga zo gusohora za 3.3dBm. Hakoreshejwe EDFA yo mu rwego rwa 4 nk'imashini ikwirakwiza ingufu, imbaraga zayo zo kwinjira ni hafi -6dBm, naho imbaraga zo gusohora ni hafi 13dBm. Uburyo bwo kwakira urumuri -9.2d Bm. Nyuma y'urwego 4 rwo gukwirakwiza, umubare w'abakoresha bose hamwe wageze kuri miliyoni 4.2, kandi inzira y'umuyoboro irenga kilometero icumi. Igipimo cy'uburemere bw'ikimenyetso hagati y'urusaku n'urusaku cy'ikizamini cyari kirenze 45dB, kandi EDFA ntiyatumye CSO igabanuka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 23 Mata 2023