1. Incamake
AP idakoresha umugozi (Aho kwinjira nta mugozi), ni ukuvuga ahantu ho kwinjira nta mugozi, hakoreshwa nk'aho umuyoboro w'itumanaho udakoresha insinga ufunguye kandi ni ryo shingiro ry'umuyoboro w'itumanaho udakoresha insinga. AP idakoresha insinga ni aho ibikoresho bidakoresha insinga (nka mudasobwa zigendanwa, ibyuma bigendanwa, nibindi) byinjira mu muyoboro w'itumanaho udakoresha insinga. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu ngo, mu nyubako no muri pariki, kandi ishobora kugera kuri metero kuva kuri mirongo kugeza kuri metero amagana.
Wireless AP ni izina rifite ibisobanuro byinshi bitandukanye. Ntabwo rikubiyemo gusa ahantu horoshye ho kwinjira mu buryo bwa wireless (Wireless APs), ahubwo rinavuga ijambo rusange rya routers zitagira wireless (harimo inzira zitagira wireless, ibiraro bitagira wireless) n'ibindi bikoresho.
Wireless AP ni uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha umuyoboro wa interineti utagira umugozi. Wireless AP ni ikiraro gihuza umuyoboro wa interineti utagira umugozi n'umuyoboro wa interineti, kandi ni cyo gikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo gushyiraho umuyoboro wa interineti utagira umugozi (WLAN). Itanga imikorere yo guhuza ibikoresho bitagira umugozi na LAN zikoresha umugozi. Binyuze muri AP zikoresha umugozi, ibikoresho bitagira umugozi biri mu gice cy'amajwi cya AP zikoresha umugozi bishobora kuvugana. Hatabayeho AP zikoresha umugozi, ntabwo bishoboka kubaka WLAN nyayo ishobora kugera kuri interineti. AP ikoresha umugozi muri WLAN ingana n'uruhare rwa sitasiyo yo kohereza ubutumwa mu muyoboro w'itumanaho ugendanwa.
Ugereranyije n'imiterere y'umuyoboro w'itumanaho ukoresha insinga, umuyoboro w'itumanaho ukoresha insinga ungana n'aho umuyoboro w'itumanaho ukoresha insinga. Urashobora guhuza ibikoresho bitandukanye bikoresha insinga. Ikarita y'itumanaho ikoreshwa n'igikoresho gikoresha insinga ni ikarita y'itumanaho ikoresha insinga, naho uburyo bwo kohereza ubutumwa ni umwuka (electromagnetic wave). Umuyoboro w'itumanaho ukoresha insinga ni wo uyobora igice cy'itumanaho gikoresha insinga, kandi ibimenyetso byose bikoresha insinga biri muri icyo gice bigomba kunyuramo kugira ngo bihindurwe.
2. Imikorere
2.1 Huza insinga zidafite insinga n'insinga
Inshingano ikunze gukoreshwa cyane ya AP idafite umugozi ni uguhuza umuyoboro udafite umugozi n'umuyoboro udafite umugozi, no gutanga imikorere yo guhuza igikoresho kidafite umugozi n'umuyoboro udafite umugozi. Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2.1-1.
AP idakoresha insinga ihuza umuyoboro w'insinga n'ibikoresho bidakoresha insinga
2.2 WDS
WDS (Sisitemu yo Gukwirakwiza Udakoresha Umugozi), ni ukuvuga sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza utuntu dutambitse, ni umwihariko muri AP idakoresha umugozi na router idakoresha umugozi. Ni ingirakamaro cyane mu gutumanaho hagati y'ibikoresho bibiri bidakoresha umugozi. Urugero, hari abaturanyi batatu, kandi buri rugo rufite router idakoresha umugozi cyangwa AP idakoresha umugozi ishyigikira WDS, kugira ngo ikimenyetso cy'umugozi gishobore gutwikirwa n'imiryango itatu icyarimwe, bigatuma itumanaho ryoroha. Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ko ibikoresho bya WDS bishyigikiwe na router idakoresha umugozi ari bike (Muri rusange ibikoresho 4-8 bishobora gushyigikirwa), kandi ibikoresho bya WDS by'ibirango bitandukanye nabyo bishobora kunanirwa guhuzwa.
2.3 Imikorere ya AP idafite umugozi
2.3.1 Gusubiza hamwe
Akamaro k'ingenzi ka AP idakoresha insinga ni relay. Icyo bita relay ni ukongera ikimenyetso cy'insinga hagati y'ingingo ebyiri zidakoresha insinga, kugira ngo igikoresho cya kure kibone ikimenyetso gikomeye cy'insinga. Urugero, AP ishyirwa ku gice cya a, kandi hari igikoresho kidakoresha insinga ku gice cya c. Hari intera ya metero 120 hagati y'igice cya a na c. Ihererekanya ry'ibimenyetso bidakoresha insinga kuva ku gice cya a kugera ku gice cya c ryagabanutse cyane, bityo rishobora kuba riri muri metero 60. Shyira AP idakoresha insinga nk'irelay ku gice cya b, kugira ngo ikimenyetso cy'insinga ku gice cya c gishobore kongerwa neza, bityo habeho umuvuduko wo kohereza no kudahungabana kw'ibimenyetso bidakoresha insinga.
2.3.2 Guhuza
Akamaro k'ingenzi ka AP idakoresha insinga ni uguhuza. Guhuza ni uguhuza imiyoboro ibiri ya AP idakoresha insinga kugira ngo amakuru ahererekanywa hagati ya AP ebyiri zidakoresha insinga. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, niba ushaka guhuza LAN ebyiri zikoresha insinga, ushobora guhitamo guhuza AP idakoresha insinga. Urugero, kuri point a hari LAN ikoresha insinga igizwe na mudasobwa 15, naho kuri point b hari LAN ikoresha insinga igizwe na mudasobwa 25, ariko intera iri hagati ya point ab na ab iri kure cyane, irenga metero 100, bityo ntabwo bikwiye guhuza hakoreshejwe insinga. Muri iki gihe, ushobora gushyiraho AP idakoresha insinga kuri point a na point b, hanyuma ugafungura function ya AP idakoresha insinga, kugira ngo LAN ziri kuri point ab na ab zishobore kohereza amakuru hagati yazo.
2.3.3 Uburyo bwa Master-slave
Indi nshingano ya AP idakoresha umugozi ni "master-slave mode". AP idakoresha umugozi ikora muri ubu buryo izafatwa nk'umukiriya udakoresha umugozi (nk'ikarita y'umuyoboro udakoresha umugozi cyangwa module idakoresha umugozi) na AP idakoresha umugozi cyangwa router idakoresha umugozi. Ni byiza ko ubuyobozi bw'umuyoboro bugenzura umuyoboro muto no gukora umurongo uhuza ingingo nyinshi (router idakoresha umugozi cyangwa AP y'ingenzi idakoresha umugozi ni ingingo imwe, kandi umukiriya wa AP idakoresha umugozi ni ingingo nyinshi). Umukorere wa "master-slave mode" ukunze gukoreshwa mu buryo bwo guhuza LAN idakoresha umugozi na LAN ikoresha umugozi. Urugero, point a ni LAN ikoresha umugozi igizwe na mudasobwa 20, naho point b ni LAN idakoresha umugozi igizwe na mudasobwa 15. Point b isanzwe ifite router idakoresha umugozi. Niba point a ishaka kugera kuri point b, ushobora kongeramo AP idakoresha umugozi kuri point a, ugahuza AP idakoresha umugozi kuri point a, hanyuma ugafungura "master-slave mode" ya AP idakoresha umugozi n'umurongo ukoresha umugozi kuri point b. Router irahujwe, kandi muri iki gihe mudasobwa zose ziri kuri point a zishobora guhuza na mudasobwa kuri point b.
3. Itandukaniro riri hagati ya Wireless AP na Wireless Router
3.1 AP idakoresha umugozi
AP idakoresha umugozi, ni ukuvuga aho umuntu yinjira adakoresha umugozi, ni ahantu ho kwinjira adakoresha umugozi mu muyoboro udafite umugozi. Ni aho umuntu yinjira abakoresha terefone zigendanwa bashobora kwinjira mu muyoboro udafite umugozi. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukoresha interineti yo mu rugo no mu mishinga imbere mu kigo. Intera yo kwinjira adakoresha umugozi ni metero icumi kugeza kuri metero amagana, ikoranabuhanga nyamukuru ni urukurikirane rwa 802.11X. AP zikoresha umugozi muri rusange zifite uburyo bwo kwinjira mu muyoboro, bivuze ko imiyoboro idafite umugozi ishobora gukorwa hagati ya AP, bityo bikarushaho kwagura uburyo umuyoboro udafite umugozi ukoresha umugozi ....
Kubera ko AP yoroshye idafite umuyoboro wa interineti idafite imikorere yo gukwirakwiza amakuru, ingana na switch idakoresha umuyoboro wa interineti kandi itanga gusa imikorere yo kohereza amakuru adakoresha umuyoboro wa interineti. Ihame ryayo ni ukwakira amakuru y’umuyoboro wa interineti yoherezwa n’ibice bibiri, hanyuma nyuma yo kuyakusanya na AP idakoresha umuyoboro wa interineti, igahindura amakuru y’amashanyarazi mo amakuru ya radiyo hanyuma ikayohereza kugira ngo ikore urubuga rw’umuyoboro wa interineti udakoresha umuyoboro wa interineti.
3.2Router idafite umugozi
AP yagutse idakoresha umugozi niyo dukunze kwita router idakoresha umugozi. Router idakoresha umugozi, nk'uko izina ryayo ribisobanura, ni router ifite imikorere yo gukingira idakoresha umugozi, ikoreshwa cyane cyane ku bakoresha interineti no gukingira idakoresha umugozi. Ugereranyije na AP yoroshye idakoresha umugozi, router idakoresha umugozi ishobora gukoresha interineti mu rugo binyuze mu buryo bwo kuyikoresha, kandi ishobora no gukoresha ADSL na interineti rusange ikoreshwa mu buryo bwo gukwirakwiza umugozi.
Ni ngombwa kuvuga ko imiyoboro idafite insinga n'insinga ishobora gushyirwa kuri subnet binyuze kuri router idafite insinga, kugira ngo ibikoresho bitandukanye biri muri subnet bibashe guhanahana amakuru byoroshye.
3.3 Incamake
Muri make, AP yoroshye idafite insinga ingana na switch idakoresha insinga; router idakoresha insinga (AP yagutse idakoresha insinga) ingana na "imikorere ya AP idakoresha insinga + router". Ku bijyanye n'ikoreshwa, niba inzu yamaze guhuzwa na interineti kandi ikaba ishaka gutanga uburenganzira bwo kwinjira mu nsinga, guhitamo AP idakoresha insinga birahagije; ariko niba inzu itarahuzwa na interineti, tugomba guhuzwa na interineti idakoresha insinga, icyo gihe ugomba guhitamo router idakoresha insinga muri iki gihe.
Byongeye kandi, ukurikije uko bigaragara, byombi birangana mu burebure, kandi ntabwo byoroshye kubitandukanya. Ariko, iyo urebye neza, uracyabona itandukaniro riri hagati yabyo: ni ukuvuga ko imiyoboro yabyo itandukanye. (Ubwoko bworoshye) AP idakoresha insinga akenshi iba ifite umuyoboro wa RJ45 w’umuyoboro, umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi, umuyoboro w’igenamiterere (umuyoboro wa USB cyangwa imiyoboro unyuze kuri WEB interface), n’amatara make y’icyerekezo; mu gihe router idakoresha insinga ifite andi marembo ane y’umuyoboro w’insinga, uretse umuyoboro umwe wa WAN ukoreshwa mu guhuza ibikoresho bya network byo ku rwego rwo hejuru, kandi imiyoboro ine ya LAN ishobora gushyirwamo insinga kugira ngo ihuzwe na mudasobwa muri intranet, kandi hari amatara menshi y’icyerekezo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 19 Mata 2023