Amashanyarazi ya optique hamwe nogukwirakwiza optique?

Turabizi ko kuva mu myaka ya za 90, tekinoroji ya WDM igabanya ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ikoreshwa mu ntera ndende ya fibre optique ihuza ibirometero amagana cyangwa ibihumbi. Ku bihugu byinshi n’uturere, ibikorwa remezo bya fibre optique ni umutungo wabo uhenze cyane, mugihe ibiciro byibikoresho bya transceiver biri hasi.

Ariko, hamwe nubwiyongere bukabije bwibipimo byogukwirakwiza amakuru nka 5G, tekinoroji ya WDM yarushijeho kuba ingenzi mumirongo migufi, kandi ubwinshi bwo kohereza imiyoboro migufi ni nini cyane, bigatuma igiciro nubunini bwibice bya transceiver byiyongera.

Kugeza ubu, iyi miyoboro iracyashingira ku bihumbi n'ibihumbi bya fibre optique ya fibre kugirango ibangikanye binyuze mu kugabana umwanya wo kugabana umwanya, kandi igipimo cyamakuru cya buri muyoboro kiri hasi cyane, byibuze magana make Gbit / s (800G). T-urwego rushobora kugira imipaka mike.

Ariko mugihe kiri imbere, igitekerezo cyo guhuza ibisanzwe gisanzwe kizagera vuba kurwego ntarengwa, kandi kigomba kongerwaho nuburyo bwo guhuza amakuru muri buri fibre kugirango bikomeze gutera imbere mubipimo byamakuru. Ibi birashobora gufungura umwanya mushya wo gusaba kumwanya wo kugabana umurongo wa tekinoroji ya tekinoroji, aho ubunini ntarengwa bwumubare wumubare nigipimo cyamakuru ari ngombwa.

Muri iki kibazo, imashini itanga amashanyarazi (FCG), nkumucyo utomoye kandi uhamye urumuri rwinshi rwumucyo, urashobora gutanga umubare munini wabatwara optique neza, bityo ukagira uruhare rukomeye. Mubyongeyeho, inyungu yingenzi cyane ya optique yumurongo wa optique ni uko imirongo yikomatanya iringaniza muburyo bwinshyi, ishobora koroshya ibisabwa kumirongo irinda imiyoboro kandi ikirinda kugenzura imirongo ikenewe kumurongo umwe muri gahunda gakondo ukoresheje DFB laser array.

Twabibutsa ko izo nyungu zidakoreshwa gusa kuri transmitter yumurongo wigice cyo kugwiza inshuro nyinshi, ariko kandi no mubakira, aho umurongo wa oscillator yihariye (LO) ushobora gusimburwa na generator imwe. Imikoreshereze ya LO yamashanyarazi irashobora kurushaho koroshya uburyo bwo gutangiza ibimenyetso bya digitale mumirongo myinshi igabanya imiyoboro, bityo bikagabanya kwakira neza no kunoza urusaku rwicyiciro.

Byongeye kandi, ukoresheje ibimenyetso bya LO hamwe nibikorwa byafunzwe kugirango bigereranye kwakirwa birashobora no kongera kubaka igihe-cyerekezo cyumurongo wikimenyetso cyose kigabanya ibimenyetso byinshi, bityo bikishyura ibyangiritse byatewe na optique idafite umurongo wa fibre yohereza. Usibye inyungu zifatika zishingiye ku guhererekanya ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso, ingano ntoya hamwe nubukungu bukora neza nini nini ningingo zingenzi zigihe kizaza cyo kugabana imirongo myinshi.

Kubwibyo, mubintu bitandukanye byerekana ibimenyetso bitanga amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya chip urwego biragaragara cyane. Iyo uhujwe na fonctionnement nini cyane ya fotonike ihuriweho namakuru yo guhinduranya amakuru, kugwiza, guhuza, no kwakira, ibikoresho nkibi birashobora kuba urufunguzo rwimikorere kandi ikora neza igabanya imiyoboro myinshi ishobora gukorwa mubwinshi ku giciro gito, hamwe nubushobozi bwo kohereza mirongo. Tbit / s kuri fibre.

Ku bisohoka byo kohereza impera, buri muyoboro wongeye guhuzwa binyuze muri multiplexer (MUX), kandi ikimenyetso cyo kugabanya umurongo wikurikiranya cyerekanwa binyuze muri fibre imwe. Ku iherezo ryakira, igabana ryumurongo wa Multlexing yakira (WDM Rx) ikoresha LO oscillator ya LO ya kabiri ya FCG ya kabiri kugirango ibone intera ndende. Umuyoboro winjiza umurongo wigice cyo kugwiza ibimenyetso bitandukanijwe na demultiplexer hanyuma byoherezwa muburyo bwo kwakira abashyitsi (Coh. Rx). Muri byo, demultiplexing inshuro ya oscillator yaho LO ikoreshwa nkibice byerekana kuri buri cyakira. Imikorere yiyi ntera yuburebure igabanya guhuza biragaragara ko ahanini biterwa na generator yerekana ibimenyetso fatizo, cyane cyane ubugari bwurumuri nimbaraga za optique ya buri murongo.

Byumvikane ko optique ya optique ya tekinoroji iracyari murwego rwiterambere, kandi ikoreshwa ryayo nubunini bwisoko ni bito. Niba ishobora gutsinda inzitizi zikoranabuhanga, kugabanya ibiciro, no kunoza ubwizerwe, irashobora kugera kurwego rwibipimo murwego rwohereza.