Aho imashini zifata, kumenya no gucunga aho zifata insinga zifata umuriro cyane

Mu kubaka imiyoboro y'insinga z'urumuri, imikorere yo kugabanya umuvuduko ni ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cyo gusuzuma. Iyi ngingo isesengura ahantu n'uburyo bwo gucunga ingingo zigabanya umuvuduko mwinshi mu miyoboro y'insinga z'urumuri hashingiwe ku miterere isanzwe y'imiyoboro.

1. Ahantu hakunze kugaragara ingingo zigabanya cyane

Nyuma yo kurangiza guhuza insinga z'amashanyarazi, igice cyose gisubiramo gikunze kugeragezwa hakoreshejwe OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer). Iki kizamini cyemeza niba imikorere y'insinga zuzuye ihuye n'ibipimo by'ubwubatsi n'amahame yo kwemerwa. Isuzuma rikubiyemo ahanini ibi bikurikira:

• Niba uburyo bwo kugabanya burundu igice cyose cy’imashini zisubiramo buri munsi y’imiterere yacyo (ni ukuvuga niba uburyo bwo kugabanya impuzandengo buri mu rugero rusabwa);
• Niba igipimo cy’impuzandengo y’ingingo zombi gihuye n’amahame y’uko ingingo zigomba guhindurwa ndetse n’ibisabwa mu miterere yazo;
• Niba agace gasubira inyuma k'igice gisubiramo gafite umusemburo umwe kandi koroshye. Uretse intambwe nto ziterwa no gutakaza ibice bisanzwe, nta ntambwe zikomeye zo kugabanya ku gace gakwiye kubaho.

Mu gihe ukoresha OTDR kugira ngo ugerageze igice cya optique repeater no gushaka aho attenuation points, ni ngombwa gushyiraho neza ibipimo by'igerageza, nk'urugero, uburebure bw'umurambararo, ubugari bw'amajwi, refractive index, n'igihe cyo gupima:

• Intera y'igerageza: Hitamo ukurikije uburebure bw'igice cyo gusubiramo kugira ngo umurongo ufate hafi bibiri bya gatatu bya ecran yo kwerekana;
• Uburebure bw'umuraba: Bigenwa na sisitemu, ubusanzwe 1310 nm na 1550 nm ku nsinga zo mu bwoko bwa trunk zikoreshwa kure;
• Igipimo cy'ikirahure: Bishyizweho hakurikijwe amabwiriza y'uruganda rukora fibre;
• Ubugari bw'impatwe: Igipimo cy'ingenzi. Iyo ari gito cyane, urwego rw'impinduka ntiruhagije, bigatuma habaho ibimenyetso by'urusaku ku mpera y'umurongo; iyo ari kinini cyane, urwego rw'igeragezwa ruriyongera ariko ubwiza buragabanuka. Ubugari bukwiye bw'impinduka bugomba gutoranywa hashingiwe ku burebure bw'insinga mu igeragezwa ry'igerageza;
• Igihe cy'impuzandengo: Yahinduwe kugira ngo igire umurongo woroshye nta rusaku rugaragara ku murizo.

Kugira ngo hamenyekane neza amakosa, porogaramu ya OTDR isesengura irashobora gukoreshwa mu gusesengura imirongo y'ibizamini. Amakosa muri rusange agabanywa mu byiciro bibiri: amakosa ya splice point na cable body.

2. Gukemura Ingingo Zikomeye Zigabanya Ubushobozi

Ubwa mbere, menya niba aho igice cyo gufunga cyane kiri ahantu ho gufunga. Ku bice byo gufunga, imigozi yose ikunze kugaragaza intambwe zo gufunga zifite ubunini butandukanye. Usesenguye uduce twinshi twa fibre icyarimwe, ushobora kureba intambwe ziri ahantu hamwe mu mirongo yose. Pima kandi ubare igihombo cya splice cy’icyerekezo cy’imirongo ibiri kuri iyi ngingo, wandike agaciro karenze urugero, hanyuma utegure kongera gufungura igice cyo gufunga kugira ngo gikorwe.

Iyo aho insinga igabanya ubukana atari ahantu hahurira insinga, isesengura ry’insinga nyinshi icyarimwe rizagaragaza ko insinga zimwe zifite intambwe zo kugabanya ubukana mu gihe izindi zitari zo. Ibi bigaragaza ikibazo kiri mu nsinga ubwayo aho kuba kuri insinga.

Gushyira mu mwanya amakosa

• Amakosa yo hafi: Ishobora kuboneka uhereye kuri sitasiyo ya terminal hakoreshejwe OTDR kugira ngo ipime intera iri hagati y'aho splice iri hafi;
• Amakosa akomeye cyane: Biragoye kubona aho hantu bitewe no kugabanuka k'ubuziranenge mu ntera ndende. Muri ibyo bihe, ikizamini gishobora gukorwa uhereye ku gice cyo hafi aho gifunga. Huza ibipimo bya OTDR n'inyandiko z'ubwubatsi n'ibipimo by'ubutaka kugira ngo ugereranye aho ikibazo kiri, akenshi kiri muri metero icumi, bigabanye ubucukuzi n'ikiguzi.

Uburyo bwo Gufata

• Amakosa yo gutandukanya: Fungura ifunga ry'agace k'umugozi hanyuma wongere ushyiremo imigozi mu gihe ukurikirana ukoresheje OTDR kugeza igihe agace k'umugozi gatakaye neza kabonetse.
  Niba guhuza inshuro nyinshi bitujuje ibisabwa, reba:

  • Guhinduka k'umuyoboro wa fibre bigatera gukandamizwa;
  • Ubwinshi bw'umurambararo wo kugonda mu gihe cyo gupfundikanya fibre;
  • Umuvuduko wa fibre.

  Niba ikibazo kikomeje, genzura ibice by'insinga mbere na nyuma yo kuziba. Insinga zangiritse zishobora gukenera gucibwa hanyuma insinga zose zigashyirwamo ibice.

• Ingamba zo kwirinda: Mbere yo gufunga, genzura witonze uburebure bw'insinga zabugenewe. Niba ukeka, gabanya uburebure bw'insinga kugira ngo wirinde inenge zihishe.

• Ibibazo by'umubiri w'insinga: Akenshi biterwa na:

  • Imiterere cyangwa imitsi ikaze;
  • Kwangirika kwa mashini (urugero, igitutu gituruka ku mabuye gitera guhinduka);
  • Imbaraga zo hanze zituma imiyoboro ya fibre ihinduka ndetse n'imiyoboro ya fibre ihinduka.

  Kuvura bisaba gukata igice cyangiritse no kongera gufunga. Akenshi, ibi bikuraho ikibazo cyo kugabanya ubukana bw'igisebe.

Ku byangiritse bikomeye, shyiramo agafunga k'agace k'inyuma, kuraho agakoresho ko hanze, hanyuma usane cyangwa usimbuze imiyoboro yangiritse. Niba bibaye ngombwa, ongera ushyiremo imiyoboro yangiritse.

Ibisabwa mu isuzuma

Abakozi bakora ibizamini bagomba gukorana n'abakozi bakora ibizamini mu byiciro bitandukanye:

1. Nyuma yo kurangiza gushyiramo ibice;
2. Nyuma yo gushyiraho fibre no kuyizunguza;
3. Nyuma yo gufunga no gufunga igice cy'umugozi.

Abakozi bo mu kibuga bagomba kugenda gusa nyuma yo kwemeza ko ikibazo cyo kugabanya ubukana cyakemutse.