Imashini zikoresha frequency y'amajwi n'imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi?

Nkuko tubizi, kuva mu myaka ya 1990, ikoranabuhanga rya WDM WDM ryakoreshejwe mu guhuza fibre-optic mu buryo burebure bwa kilometero amagana cyangwa ibihumbi. Mu turere twinshi tw’igihugu, ibikorwa remezo bya fibre ni byo bihenze cyane, mu gihe ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho bya transceiver kiri hasi.
Ariko, bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’umuvuduko w’amakuru mu miyoboro nka 5G, ikoranabuhanga rya WDM ririmo kugenda rirushaho kuba ingenzi mu miyoboro migufi, ikoreshwa mu bwinshi cyane bityo ikaba irushaho kwita ku giciro n’ingano y’ibikoresho bya transceiver.

Muri iki gihe, iyi miyoboro iracyakoresha ibihumbi by'imigozi y'urumuri imwe yoherezwa mu buryo bumwe binyuze mu miyoboro yo gukwirakwiza ikirere, hamwe n'igipimo gito cy'amakuru cya Gbit/s magana make (800G) kuri buri muyoboro, hamwe n'umubare muto w'ikoreshwa rishoboka muri T-class.

Ariko, mu gihe kiri imbere, igitekerezo cyo guhuza imiterere y’ahantu hamwe kizagera ku iherezo ry’ubushobozi bwacyo bwo kwaguka, kandi kizagomba kuzuzwa no guhuza imiterere y’amakuru muri buri fibre kugira ngo hakomeze kwiyongera kw’umuvuduko w’amakuru. Ibi bishobora gufungura umwanya mushya w’ikoranabuhanga rya WDM, aho uburinganire ntarengwa mu bijyanye n’umubare w’imiyoboro n’umuvuduko w’amakuru ari ingenzi.

Muri uru rwego,icyuma gitanga amashanyarazi gikoresha frequency optique (FCG)Ifite uruhare runini nk'urumuri rugufi, rudahinduka, rufite uburebure bwinshi bw'amatara rushobora gutanga umubare munini w'ibikoresho by'urumuri bisobanutse neza. Byongeye kandi, inyungu ikomeye cyane y'ibicuruzwa by'urumuri ni uko imirongo y'ibicuruzwa ingana mu buryo bungana, bityo bikagabanya ibisabwa ku migozi yo kurinda hagati y'imiyoboro no kwirinda kugenzura inshuro byakenerwa ku murongo umwe mu buryo busanzwe hakoreshejwe imiyoboro ya laser ya DFB.

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko izi nyungu zitareba gusa imashini zitanga amakuru za WDM ahubwo no ku mashini zitanga amakuru, aho imashini zitanga amakuru za LO (districte local oscillator) zishobora gusimburwa n'imashini imwe itanga amakuru. Gukoresha imashini zitanga amakuru za LO birushaho koroshya uburyo bwo gutunganya ibimenyetso bya digitale ku miyoboro ya WDM, bityo bikagabanya ubukana bw'imashini zitanga amakuru no kongera ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira urusaku.

Byongeye kandi, gukoresha ibimenyetso bya LO comb hamwe na phase-locking kugira ngo bifatanye neza bituma bishoboka kongera kubaka imiterere y'igihe cy'ikimenyetso cyose cya WDM, bityo bikishyura ingaruka mbi ziterwa n'uburyo butari bwo bw'urumuri mu fibre yo kohereza ubutumwa. Uretse izi nyungu z'ibitekerezo zo kohereza ubutumwa bushingiye ku kombo, ingano ntoya no gukora ibintu byinshi ku giciro gito nabyo ni ingenzi ku bikoresho bya WDM bizaza.
Kubwibyo, mu bitekerezo bitandukanye byo gutera ibimenyetso by'amakuru, ibikoresho bya chip-scale ni byo by'ingenzi cyane. Iyo bihujwe n'imiyoboro ya fotonike ihuriweho ishobora kwaguka cyane yo guhindura ibimenyetso by'amakuru, gukwirakwiza amakuru menshi, kuyakoresha no kuyakira, ibyo bikoresho bishobora kuba ingenzi ku bikoresho bito kandi bikora neza bya WDM bishobora gukorwa ku bwinshi ku giciro gito, bifite ubushobozi bwo kohereza amakuru bugera kuri Tbit/s kuri fibre imwe.

Ishusho ikurikira igaragaza ishusho y'icyuma gitanga amakuru cya WDM gikoresha igikoresho cya optique frequency comb FCG nk'urumuri rw'uburebure bwinshi. Ikimenyetso cya FCG comb kibanza gutandukanywa muri demultiplexer (DEMUX) hanyuma kikinjira muri modulator ya electro-optical ya EOM. Binyuze muri iyo, ikimenyetso gishyirwa muri modulation ya QAM quadrature amplitude modulation ihanitse kugira ngo habeho imikorere myiza ya spectral efficiency (SE).

Mu gusohora transmitter, imiyoboro yongera guhuzwa muri multiplexer (MUX) maze ibimenyetso bya WDM byoherezwa hakoreshejwe fibre imwe. Ku mpera yo kwakira, receiver ya multiplexing division wavelength (WDM Rx), ikoresha oscillator ya LO ya FCG ya 2 kugira ngo imenye neza uburyo bwo gupima uburebure bwinshi bw'amajwi. Imiyoboro y'ibimenyetso bya WDM byinjiye itandukanywa na demultiplexer hanyuma igashyirwa kuri coherent receiver array (Coh. Rx). Aho frequency demultiplexing ya local oscillator LO ikoreshwa nk'icyitegererezo cy'icyiciro kuri buri receiver ihuriweho. Imikorere y'izo WDM ishingiye cyane cyane ku rugero runini ku imashini ikora ikimenyetso cy'ingufu, cyane cyane ubugari bw'umurongo w'urumuri n'imbaraga z'urumuri kuri buri murongo w'ingufu.

Birumvikana ko ikoranabuhanga ryo gukamura amatara rikiri mu cyiciro cy’iterambere, kandi uburyo rikoreshwamo n’ingano y’isoko ni bike cyane. Niba rishobora gutsinda imbogamizi za tekiniki, kugabanya ikiguzi no kunoza uburyo bwo kwizera, bizashoboka kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu kohereza amatara.