Amashanyarazi ya optique hamwe nogukwirakwiza optique?

Nkuko tubizi, kuva mu myaka ya za 90, tekinoroji ya WDM WDM yakoreshejwe mumashanyarazi maremare ya fibre optique ya kilometero amagana cyangwa ibihumbi. Mu turere twinshi tw’igihugu, ibikorwa remezo bya fibre niwo mutungo uhenze cyane, mu gihe igiciro cy’ibikoresho bya transceiver ari gito.
Ariko, hamwe no guturika kw'ibipimo byamakuru mu miyoboro nka 5G, ikoranabuhanga rya WDM riragenda rirushaho kuba ingenzi mu miyoboro ngufi na yo, ikoreshwa mu mubare munini cyane bityo ikaba yunvikana cyane ku giciro n'ubunini bw'inteko za transceiver.

Kugeza ubu, iyi miyoboro iracyashingira ku bihumbi n'ibihumbi bya fibre optique yoherejwe mu buryo bubangikanye binyuze mu miyoboro yo kugabana umwanya wo kugabana, hamwe n’ibipimo biri hasi ya data hafi ya magana make Gbit / s (800G) kuri buri muyoboro, hamwe numubare muto ushoboka Porogaramu in T-Urwego.

Ariko, mugihe kiri imbere, igitekerezo cyo guhuza ibibanza bihuriweho kizagera vuba kumipaka yubunini bwacyo, kandi bigomba kuzuzwa no kugereranya ibintu byerekana amakuru muri buri fibre kugirango bikomeze kwiyongera mubipimo byamakuru. Ibi birashobora gufungura umwanya mushya wa porogaramu ya tekinoroji ya WDM, aho ubunini ntarengwa ukurikije umubare wimiyoboro nigipimo cyamakuru ari ngombwa.

Ni muri urwo rwego,amashanyarazi ya optique yumuriro (FCG)ifite uruhare runini nkurwego ruciriritse, rutunganijwe, urumuri rwinshi rwumucyo rushobora gutanga umubare munini wabasobanuzi ba optique. Mubyongeyeho, inyungu yingenzi cyane ya optique yumurongo wa optique ni uko imirongo yikimamara iringaniza imbere muri frequency, bityo bikorohereza ibisabwa kubitsinda ryizamu ryirinda kandi ukirinda kugenzura imirongo yakenerwa kumurongo umwe muri gahunda isanzwe ukoresheje umurongo wa DFB.

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko izo nyungu zidakoreshwa gusa kuri WDM zohereza gusa ahubwo no kubakira, aho imirongo ya oscillator yihariye (LO) ishobora gusimburwa na generator imwe. Imikoreshereze ya LO yamashanyarazi irushaho korohereza gutunganya ibimenyetso bya digitale kumiyoboro ya WDM, bityo bikagabanya ubukana bwakirwa no kongera urusaku rwicyiciro.

Byongeye kandi, gukoresha ibimenyetso bya LO ibimamara hamwe na feri-gufunga kuburinganire bwakiriwe neza ndetse bituma bishoboka kongera kubaka igihe-cyerekezo cyumurongo wibimenyetso byose bya WDM, bityo bikishyura ibyangiritse biterwa na optique idafite umurongo muri fibre yohereza. Usibye izi nyungu zibyiza byo gukwirakwiza ibimenyetso bishingiye ku bimenyetso, ingano ntoya hamwe n’umusaruro rusange uhenze na byo ni urufunguzo rwo guhererekanya WDM.
Kubwibyo, mubintu bitandukanye byerekana ibimenyetso bitanga ibimenyetso, chip-nini yibikoresho birashimishije. Iyo uhujwe na fonctionnement nini cyane ya fotonike ihuriweho namakuru yo guhinduranya amakuru, kugwiza, guhuza no kwakira, ibikoresho nkibi birashobora gufata urufunguzo rwimikorere, rukora neza cyane rwa WDM rushobora guhimbwa kubwinshi ku giciro gito, hamwe nubushobozi bwo kohereza kugeza kuri mirongo. ya Tbit / s kuri fibre.

Igishushanyo gikurikira cyerekana igishushanyo cya transmitteri ya WDM ukoresheje optique yumurongo wa optique ya FCG nkumucyo wumucyo mwinshi. Ikimenyetso cyikimenyetso cya FCG kibanza gutandukana muri demultiplexer (DEMUX) hanyuma ikinjira muri moderi ya EOM electro-optique. Binyuze, ikimenyetso gikorerwa QAM quadrature ya amplitude ihindagurika kugirango ikorwe neza (SE).

Kuri transmitter egress, imiyoboro yongeye guhurizwa hamwe muri multiplexer (MUX) kandi ibimenyetso bya WDM byoherezwa hejuru ya fibre imwe. Ku iherezo ryakiriwe, igabanywa ryumurongo wa Multlexing yakira (WDM Rx), ikoresha LO ya oscillator ya LO ya 2 ya FCG kugirango ibone gutahura kwinshi. Imiyoboro yinjiza ibimenyetso bya WDM itandukanijwe na demultiplexer kandi igaburirwa kubakira byakira (Coh. Rx). aho demultiplexing yinshyi ya oscillator yaho LO ikoreshwa nkicyiciro cya buri cyakira. Imikorere nkiyi WDM ihuza biragaragara ko biterwa ahanini na generator yerekana ibimenyetso byerekana amashanyarazi, cyane cyane ubugari bwumurongo wa optique hamwe nimbaraga za optique kumurongo.

Byumvikane ko optique ya optique ya tekinoroji iracyari murwego rwiterambere, kandi ikoreshwa ryayo nubunini bwisoko ni bito. Niba ishobora gutsinda inzitizi za tekiniki, kugabanya ibiciro no kunoza ubwizerwe, noneho bizashoboka kugera kumurongo urwego rwimikorere muburyo bwo kohereza.