Muri iki gihe cy’iterambere ryihuse rya interineti, ikoranabuhanga ryo kugera kuri fibre optique ryinjiye mu bice byose by’ubuzima bwacu. Guhuza umuyoboro w’itumanaho uhamye kandi wihuta ni ingenzi cyane, waba ukunda kureba ibiganiro bya televiziyo, gukina imikino mu rugo, cyangwa gukora neza ubucuruzi butandukanye mu kigo. Mu ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye ryo kugera kuri fibre optique, EPON na GPON nta gushidikanya ko ari byo byiza kurusha ibindi. Uyu munsi, reka turebe itandukaniro riri hagati y’iri koranabuhanga byombi hamwe.
Inkomoko y'ikoranabuhanga n'amabwiriza ngenderwaho
EPON, Umuyoboro wa Ethernet udakoresha ikoranabuhanga rya Ethernet wakozwe hashingiwe ku ikoranabuhanga rya Ethernet. Ukurikiza IEEE 802.3ah isanzwe. Iyi ngingo ishyiraho isano isanzwe kandi ya hafi hagati ya EPON na Ethernet, kuko ikoresha imiterere ya Ethernet mu buryo butaziguye, kimwe no gushyira Ethernet ku "gitambaro" cyo kugera kuri fiber optic. Ku bantu basanzwe bazi ikoranabuhanga rya Ethernet, kubungabunga ibikoresho bya EPON, gucunga umuyoboro, n'indi mirimo ni nko gukora mu ishami rizwi, byoroshye kwiga kandi byoroshye kumva. Urugero, mu muyoboro wa kaminuza umaze gushyiraho imirongo ya Ethernet myinshi, niba bikenewe kuvugurura ujya kuri fiber optic, ikoranabuhanga rya EPON rishobora kugera ku buryo bworoshye ku guhuza ibikoresho bya Ethernet bisanzwe.
GPON, Igipimo ngenderwaho cya Gigabit Passive Optical Networks ni uruhererekane rwa ITU-T G.984. Gikoresha uburyo bugoye kandi bugezweho bwo gukusanya amakuru - GEM (GPON Encapsulation Method). GEM ni nk' "agasanduku k'ububiko" gafite ubwenge gashobora gutunganya no gupakira ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi neza. Ibi bituma GPON ikora neza cyane mu gutwara ubucuruzi, haba mu guhamagara amajwi, kohereza amakuru menshi, cyangwa gukina videwo mu buryo bworoshye, GPON ishobora gusubiza no kubikora byoroshye. Mu muyoboro wa serivisi uhuriweho uha abakoresha interineti, serivisi za IPTV na VoIP icyarimwe, GPON ishobora gucunga no kohereza ubwo bwoko butandukanye bw'ibikorwa mu buryo bunoze bitewe n'ubushobozi bwayo bukomeye bwo guhindura serivisi, kugira ngo buri serivisi ikore neza kandi neza.
Umuvuduko n'imikorere myiza y'umuyoboro w'itumanaho
Igipimo cyo kuzamuka no kumanuka kwa EPON akenshi kiba gihwanye, aho igipimo gisanzwe cya 1.25Gbps. Ariko, mu nzira nyayo yo kohereza umuyoboro, bitewe n'ubwinshi bw'amashusho ya Ethernet, nk'amakuru atandukanye yo kugenzura atangwa ku ntangiriro no ku iherezo rya shusho, nubwo aya makuru ari ingenzi mu kohereza no gutunganya neza amakuru, anafite umutungo umwe wa bandwidth, bigatuma bandwidth nyayo ikoreshwa mu kohereza amakuru y'abakoresha iba iri hasi gato ugereranyije na 1.25Gbps.
GPON irushaho kuba nziza mu bijyanye n'umuvuduko, ifite umuvuduko wo kumanuka kugeza kuri 2.488Gbps n'umuvuduko wo kuzamuka wa 1.244Gbps cyangwa 2.488Gbps. GPON ikoresha uburebure bwa 125 μ s kandi ifite uburyo bwo gutanga bandwidth bunoze. Ni nk'aho mu muhanda munini, GPON ntikwagura gusa inzira, ahubwo inanoza amategeko yo kohereza imodoka, bigatuma imodoka (amakuru) zigenda neza kandi neza. Muri ubu buryo, GPON irusha cyane EPON mu gukoresha bandwidth neza kandi ishobora kohereza amakuru menshi mu gihe kimwe.
Igipimo cya Spectral
Igipimo cyo gutandukanya ni ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cyo gupima ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ikoranabuhanga rya fibre optique n'umubare w'abakoresha. Bivuga ku gipimo cy'ibice by'umuyoboro wa optique (ONUs) aho terminal y'umurongo wa optique (OLT) ishobora guhuzwa.
Igipimo cyo gutandukanya EPON muri rusange ni 1:32, kandi iyo ikozwe neza cyane, ishobora kugera kuri 1:64. Ibi bivuze ko mu muyoboro wa EPON, igikoresho kimwe cya OLT gishobora guhuzwa kugeza kuri 32, kandi mu bihe bikomeye, imiyoboro 64 ya ONU. Urugero, mu kubaka uburyo bwo kugera kuri fibre optique mu gace k'imiturire, niba hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya EPON kandi igipimo cyo gutandukanya kikaba 1:32, icyo gihe igikoresho kimwe cya OLT gishobora gutanga serivisi zo kugera kuri interineti ku ngo zitarenze 32.
GPON ifite inyungu nyinshi mu bijyanye n'igipimo cyo gutandukanya, aho igipimo cyo gutandukanya kigera kuri 1:64, ndetse no mu bidukikije bimwe na bimwe byakozwe neza kandi binonosoye, ishobora kugera ku gipimo cyo gutandukanya kigera kuri 1:128. Igipimo kinini cyo gutandukanya kituma GPON ikora neza mu bijyanye n'urwego rw'ubwikorezi n'umubare w'abakoresha bahujwe. Dufashe urugero rw'uturere tw'icyaro, bitewe n'ubuso bwatwo bunini n'uburyo abakoresha bakwirakwira cyane, iyo ikoranabuhanga rya GPON rikoreshejwe, rikoresheje imiterere yaryo yo hejuru y'igipimo cy'amatara, igikoresho kimwe cya OLT gishobora gutanga serivisi ku bakoresha benshi, bikagabanya cyane ikiguzi cy'ishoramari ry'ibikoresho ndetse bikanagabanya ingorane zo kubaka no kubungabunga imiyoboro.
Ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho n'uko bihuye
Ibikoresho bya EPON bifite inyungu zimwe na zimwe ku giciro bitewe nuko byishingikiriza ku ikoranabuhanga rya Ethernet rimaze gukura. Igiciro cy'ibikoresho byabyo kiri hasi cyane, ibyo bikaba bikurura cyane imishinga yo kubaka imiyoboro ifite ingengo y'imari nke kandi idafite ubwiyongere ku giciro. Urugero, mu kubaka imiyoboro y'amasosiyete mato cyangwa imishinga yo kuvugurura imiyoboro y'amazu ashaje, bitewe n'amafaranga make, inyungu ihendutse y'ibikoresho bya EPON ishobora kugaragara neza. Byongeye kandi, bitewe n'uko EPON na Ethernet bihuza neza, ibikoresho bya EPON bishobora guhuzwa byoroshye n'ibikoresho bisanzwe by'imiyoboro mu gace aho Ethernet ikoreshwa cyane, hatabayeho gusimbuza ibikoresho binini, bigabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo kuvugurura imiyoboro.
Ibikoresho bya GPON, bitewe n'ikoranabuhanga ryabyo rigoye cyane, bifite ikiguzi kinini cy'ubushakashatsi n'umusaruro ku bice by'ingenzi nka chips, bigatuma ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho muri rusange kiri hejuru cyane. Ariko, ibikoresho bya GPON, hamwe n'imikorere yabyo ikomeye n'ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gushyigikira ubucuruzi, byagaragaje agaciro kadasanzwe mu bihe bimwe na bimwe bisaba imikorere myiza cyane ya network no gutandukana kw'ubucuruzi. Urugero, mu bigo binini by'ubucuruzi, ni ngombwa guhaza icyarimwe ibyo abacuruzi benshi bakeneye mu buryo bwihuse, gutanga serivisi zihamye za network zidafite insinga ku bakiriya, no kugera ku mirimo itandukanye y'ubucuruzi nko gucunga inyubako mu buryo bw'ubwenge. Ibikoresho bya GPON bishobora gutanga ubufasha bwizewe kuri ibi bibazo by'ubucuruzi bitewe n'imikorere yabyo myiza no koroshya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 17 Mata 2025