Muri iki gihe cyiterambere ryihuse rya interineti, tekinoroji ya fibre optique yinjiye mubice byose byubuzima bwacu. Umuyoboro uhamye kandi wihuta cyane ni ngombwa niba ukunda kureba televiziyo, gukina imikino murugo, cyangwa gukora neza imishinga itandukanye muruganda. Muri tekinoroji nyinshi zo kubona fibre optique, EPON na GPON ntagushidikanya nibyiza. Uyu munsi, reka ducukumbure itandukaniro riri hagati yikoranabuhanga ryombi hamwe.
Inkomoko y'Ikoranabuhanga na Porotokole isanzwe
EPON, Umuyoboro wa Ethernet passive optique wateye imbere ushingiye kuri tekinoroji ya Ethernet. Irakurikiza IEEE isanzwe 802.3ah. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bishyiraho isano isanzwe kandi yegeranye hagati ya EPON na Ethernet, kuko ihita ifata imiterere ya Ethernet, kimwe no gushyira Ethernet kuri "ikoti" yo kubona fibre optique. Kubasanzwe basanzwe bamenyereye tekinoroji ya Ethernet, kubungabunga ibikoresho bya EPON, gucunga imiyoboro, nindi mirimo ni nko gukora mumenyereye, byoroshye kwiga kandi byoroshye kubyumva. Kurugero, murusobe rwikigo rumaze gushyira umurongo wa Ethernet, niba bisabwa kuzamura fibre optique, tekinoroji ya EPON irashobora kugera muburyo bworoshye hamwe nibikoresho bya Ethernet bihari.
GPON, Igipimo cya Gigabit Passive Optical Networks ni ITU-T G.984. Ifata protocole iruhije kandi ihanitse - GEM (Uburyo bwa GPON Encapsulation Method). GEM ni nk "" ububiko bwububiko "bwubwenge bushobora gutunganya neza no gupakira ibintu bitandukanye byubucuruzi. Ibi bituma GPON ikora neza cyane mugutwara ubucuruzi, bwaba ari guhamagara amajwi, kohereza amakuru menshi, cyangwa gukina amashusho asobanutse neza, GPON irashobora gusubiza byoroshye kandi ikabikemura byoroshye. Mumuyoboro uhuza serivisi uhuza abakoresha uburyo bwo gukoresha interineti, serivisi za IPTV na VoIP icyarimwe, GPON irashobora kuyobora no kohereza ubu bwoko butandukanye bwa serivise zitondekanya muburyo bukurikije ubushobozi bukomeye bwo guhuza ibikorwa na serivise, kugirango buri serivisi ikore neza kandi neza.
Umuvuduko numuyoboro mugari
Ibipimo byo kuzamuka no kumanuka bya EPON mubisanzwe birasa, hamwe nibisanzwe bya 1.25Gbps. Nyamara, muburyo bwogukwirakwiza imiyoboro nyayo, bitewe nubusanzwe hejuru yamakadiri ya Ethernet, nkamakuru atandukanye yo kugenzura yatwawe mu ntangiriro no ku iherezo ryikadiri, nubwo aya makuru ari ingenzi cyane mu guhererekanya neza no gutunganya amakuru, kandi atwara ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byifashishwa mu gukwirakwiza amakuru y’abakoresha ari munsi gato y’izina rya 1.25Gbps.
GPON iragaragara cyane mubijyanye n'umuvuduko, hamwe n'umuvuduko wo kugabanuka kugera kuri 2.488Gbps n'umuvuduko wo hejuru wa 1.244Gbps cyangwa 2.488Gbps. GPON ifata uburebure bwa 125 μ s kandi ifite ibikoresho byiza byo kugabura algorithm. Ninkaho kumuhanda munini, GPON ntabwo yagura inzira gusa, ahubwo inanonosora amategeko yo kohereza ibinyabiziga, yemerera ibinyabiziga (data) kugenda neza kandi neza. Muri ubu buryo, GPON iruta cyane EPON muburyo bwagutse kandi irashobora kohereza amakuru menshi mugihe kimwe.
Ikigereranyo
Ikigereranyo cyo gutandukana nikimenyetso cyingenzi cyo gupima ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza tekinoroji ya fibre optique n'umubare w'abakoresha batwaye. Yerekeza ku kigereranyo cyibikoresho bya optique (ONUs) umurongo wa optique (OLT) ushobora guhuza.
Ikigereranyo cyo gutandukanya EPON muri rusange ni 1:32, kandi hamwe na optimizasiyo idasanzwe, irashobora kugera kuri 1:64. Ibi bivuze ko murusobe rwa EPON, igikoresho kimwe cya OLT gishobora guhuza kugeza 32, kandi mugihe gikabije, 64 ONU ikoresha. Kurugero, mubwubatsi bwa fibre optique ahantu hatuwe, niba ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya EPON kandi igipimo cyo kugabana ni 1:32, noneho igikoresho kimwe cya OLT gishobora gutanga gusa serivise zo kugera kumurongo ntarengwa 32.
GPON ifite inyungu nini mubijyanye no kugabana, hamwe no kugabana kugera kuri 1:64, ndetse no mubice bimwe byateguwe neza kandi bitezimbere urusobe rwibidukikije, birashobora kugera ku kigereranyo cya 1: 128. Umubare munini wo gutandukana utuma GPON ikora neza mubijyanye nurwego rwo gukwirakwiza n'umubare w'abakoresha bahujwe. Dufashe icyaro nk'icyaro, bitewe n'akarere kabo kagutse kandi ugereranije ukwirakwiza kw'abakoresha, niba hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya GPON, ukoresheje imiterere ya optique igereranije, igikoresho kimwe cya OLT gishobora gutanga serivisi kubakoresha benshi, bikagabanya cyane amafaranga yo gushora ibikoresho ndetse bikanagabanya ingorane zo kubaka imiyoboro no kuyitunganya.
Igiciro cyibikoresho no guhuza
Ibikoresho bya EPON bifite inyungu zijyanye nigiciro bitewe no kwishingikiriza kuri tekinoroji ya Ethernet ikuze. Igiciro cyibikoresho byacyo ni gito, birashimishije cyane mumishinga yo kubaka imiyoboro ifite ingengo yimishinga mike no kumva neza ibiciro. Kurugero, mubwubatsi bwurusobe rwibigo bimwe na bimwe cyangwa imishinga yo kuvugurura imiyoboro yabatuye kera, kubera amafaranga make, inyungu ihendutse yibikoresho bya EPON irashobora kugaragara neza. Byongeye kandi, kubera ubwuzuzanye buhebuje hagati ya EPON na Ethernet, ibikoresho bya EPON birashobora guhuza byoroshye nibikoresho byurusobe bihari mubidukikije aho Ethernet ikoreshwa cyane, bitabaye ngombwa ko hasimburwa ibikoresho binini binini, bikagabanya ibiciro byo kuzamura imiyoboro.
Ibikoresho bya GPON, bitewe nubuhanga bwabo bugereranije, bifite ubushakashatsi buhanitse hamwe nigiciro cyo gukora kubice byingenzi nka chip, bivamo igiciro kinini cyibikoresho muri rusange. Nyamara, ibikoresho bya GPON, hamwe nibikorwa byayo bikomeye hamwe nubushobozi bukomeye bwo gushyigikira ubucuruzi, byagaragaje agaciro kadasanzwe mubihe bimwe na bimwe bisaba imikorere yurusobe rwinshi cyane nubucuruzi butandukanye. Kurugero, mumasosiyete manini yubucuruzi, birakenewe guhuriza icyarimwe guhuza umuvuduko wihuse wihuse wumubare munini wabacuruzi, gutanga serivise zidafite umurongo uhoraho kubakiriya, no kugera kubikorwa bitandukanye byubucuruzi nko gucunga neza ubwenge. Ibikoresho bya GPON birashobora gutanga inkunga yizewe kubucuruzi bukenewe hamwe nibikorwa byiza kandi byoroshye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-17-2025