Mu kubaka umuyoboro wa fibre-to-the-home (FTTH), optical splitters, nk'ibice by'ingenzi bya passive optical networks (PONs), bituma umuyoboro umwe usangirwa n'abakoresha benshi binyuze mu gukwirakwiza ingufu za optical, bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'umuyoboro n'uburambe bw'umukoresha. Iyi nkuru isesengura ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi mu igenamigambi rya FTTH mu buryo bune: guhitamo ikoranabuhanga rya optical splitter, igishushanyo cy'imiterere y'umuyoboro, gutunganya ikigereranyo cyo gutandukanya, n'ibizaza.
Guhitamo Optical Splitter: Kugereranya ikoranabuhanga rya PLC na FBT
1. Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi wa Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC):
•Inkunga yuzuye (1260–1650 nm), ikwiriye sisitemu z'uburebure bwinshi;
•Ishyigikira gutandukanya ibintu mu buryo bwo hejuru (urugero, 1 × 64), gutakaza ubushobozi bwo gushyiramo ibintu ≤17 dB;
•Ubushyuhe bwinshi budashobora guhindagurika (-40°C kugeza 85°C ihindagurika <0.5 dB);
•Gupfunyika bito, nubwo ibiciro bya mbere ari byinshi.
2. Itsinda rya Fused Biconical Taper (FBT) Splitter:
•Ishyigikira gusa uburebure bw'umurambararo bwihariye (urugero, 1310/1490 nm);
•Igarukira ku kugabanya ibintu mu buryo bworoshye (munsi ya 1×8);
•Ihindagurika rikomeye ry'igihombo mu bidukikije birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi;
•Ikiguzi gito, gikwiriye ibintu bidafite ingengo y'imari.
Ingamba zo guhitamo:
Mu duce tw’imijyi turimo ubucucike bwinshi (inyubako ndende zo guturamo, uturere tw’ubucuruzi), PLC splitters zigomba gushyirwa imbere kugira ngo zihuze n’ibisabwa byo gutandukanya ibikoresho mu buryo bwo hejuru mu gihe zikomeza guhuza na XGS-PON/50G PON.
Ku bijyanye n'ibyaro cyangwa ahantu hakiri ubucucike buke, hashobora gutoranywa uduce duto twa FBT kugira ngo tugabanye ikiguzi cyo gutangira gukoresha. Iteganyagihe ry'isoko rigaragaza ko umugabane w'isoko rya PLC uzarenga 80% (LightCounting 2024), ahanini bitewe n'ibyiza byayo mu ikoranabuhanga.
Igishushanyo mbonera cy'inyubako z'umuyoboro: Gutandukanya hagati ugereranyije no gusaranganya
1. Igice cya kabiri cy'icyiciro cya mbere (Centralised Tier-1 Splitter)
•Topolojia: OLT → 1 × 32/1 × 64 splitter (ishyirwa mu cyumba cy'ibikoresho / FDH) → ONT.
•Ibibazo bifatika: CBD zo mu mijyi, ahantu hatuwe cyane.
•Ibyiza:
- Iterambere rya 30% mu mikorere myiza y'aho amakosa aherereye;
- Gutakaza 17–21 dB mu cyiciro kimwe, bishyigikira kohereza ubutumwa bwa kilometero 20;
- Kwagura ubushobozi bwihuse binyuze mu gusimbuza ibice (urugero, 1×32 → 1×64).
2. Itsinda ry'abantu benshi bakwirakwiza ibikoresho bitandukanye
•Topolojia: OLT → 1×4 (Urwego rwa 1) → 1×8 (Urwego rwa 2) → ONT, ifasha ingo 32.
•Ibibazo bikwiye: Uturere tw'icyaro, uturere tw'imisozi miremire, imirima y'amazu manini.
•Ibyiza:
- Bigabanya ikiguzi cya fibre y'umugongo ku kigero cya 40%;
- Ishyigikira gusibanganya urusobe rw'amakuru (guhindura amakosa y'ishami mu buryo bwikora);
- Ishobora kwihuza n'ubutaka bugoye.
Kunoza Igipimo cyo Gutandukanya: Kugereranya Intera yo Gutuma Igenda n'Ibisabwa ku Bugari
1. Guhuza Umukoresha n'Ubwinshi bw'Umuyoboro w'Ikoranabuhanga
Munsi ya XGS-PON (10G yo hasi) ifite imiterere ya 1 × 64 splitter, bandwidth y'umuvuduko w'amajwi kuri buri mukoresha ni hafi 156Mbps (igipimo cya 50% cy'amafaranga asanzwe);
Ahantu hacucitse cyane hakenera Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) cyangwa expanded C++ band kugira ngo hongerwe ubushobozi.
2. Gutanga serivisi zo kuvugurura mu gihe kizaza
Bika ingufu z'amashanyarazi za ≥3dB kugira ngo uhuze no gusaza kw'imigozi;
Hitamo PLC splitters zifite ubwiyongere bushobora guhindurwa bwo gutandukanya (urugero, configurable 1×32 ↔ 1×64) kugira ngo wirinde ubwubatsi budasanzwe.
Ingendo z'ejo hazaza n'udushya mu ikoranabuhanga
Ikoranabuhanga rya PLC riyobora mu gutandukanya ibintu mu buryo bwo hejuru:Ikwirakwira rya 10G PON ryatumye ibice bya PLC bitangira gukoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe, bishyigikira kuvugurura 50G PON mu buryo butaziguye.
Gukoresha inyubako zivanze:Guhuza uburyo bwo kugabanya ibikorwa mu mijyi no kugabanya ibikorwa mu mijyi bihuza uburyo bwo gutanga serivisi n'ikiguzi.
Ikoranabuhanga rya ODN ry'ubwenge:eODN ituma habaho kuvugurura imiterere y’ibipimo byo kugabanya no guhanura amakosa, bikongera ubwenge bw’imikorere.
Iterambere ryo guhuza silicon photonics:Udupira twa Monolithic 32-channel PLC tugabanya ibiciro ho 50%, bigatuma ikigereranyo cyo kugabanyamo ibice cya 1 × 128 kiri hejuru cyane giteza imbere iterambere ry’umujyi ukoresha amatara yose.
Binyuze mu guhitamo ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, gushyiraho inyubako mu buryo bworoshye, no kunoza uburyo bwo kugabanya umubare w’amakuru, imiyoboro ya FTTH ishobora gushyigikira neza ikwirakwizwa rya interineti ya gigabit ndetse n’ibisabwa mu iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu myaka icumi iri imbere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-04-2025