Mu magambo y'abalayiki, kwishyira hamwe kwaImiyoboro itatu-gukinabivuze ko imiyoboro itatu yingenzi y'urusobe rw'itumanaho, umuyoboro wa mudasobwa hamwe na tereviziyo ya televiziyo bishobora gutanga serivisi zuzuye zitumanaho zirimo amajwi, amakuru n'amashusho binyuze mu guhindura ikoranabuhanga.Sanhe ni ijambo ryagutse kandi ryimibereho.Kuri iki cyiciro, bivuga "ingingo" mu kohereza amakuru kuri "isura", "ingingo" mu kohereza itumanaho kuri "point", na mudasobwa Guhinduranya igihe cyo guhunika mububiko kugirango urusheho gukorera abantu neza ntibisobanura guhuza umubiri muburyo butatu bwimiyoboro yitumanaho, imiyoboro ya mudasobwa, hamwe na tereviziyo ya kabili, ariko cyane cyane bivuga guhuza ibikorwa byo murwego rwohejuru rwubucuruzi.Nyuma yo "guhuza imiyoboro itatu-ikinisha", abantu barashobora gukoresha televiziyo ya kure kugirango bahamagare, barebe amakinamico ya TV kuri terefone zabo zigendanwa, bahitemo imiyoboro hamwe na terefone igihe bikenewe, kandi itumanaho ryuzuye, TV, na enterineti bakurura gusa a umurongo cyangwa kwinjira.
Inzego eshatu ziterambere rya FTTx
Iterambere rya FTTx y'Ubushinwa ryanyuze mu byiciro bitatu.Icyiciro cya mbere ni kuva 2005 kugeza 2007. Iki cyiciro nicyiciro cyubushakashatsi.Mu 2005, Ubushinwa Telecom bwatangiye ibigeragezo bya EPON i Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, na Wuhan kugira ngo hamenyekane niba bikuzeEPONsisitemu no gucukumbura uburambe bwubwubatsi.Muri iki gihe, Ubushinwa Netcom, Ubushinwa Mobile, nibindi byakoze ibizamini hamwe nibisabwa kuri sisitemu ya PON.Igipimo cyubwubatsi bwa FTTx muriki cyiciro ni gito cyane.
Icyiciro cya kabiri ni kuva 2008 kugeza 2009, nicyiciro kinini cyo kohereza.Nyuma yicyiciro cya mbere cyindege nubushakashatsi.Ubushinwa Telecom bwamenye gukura n'imikorere ya sisitemu ya EPON, kandi muri icyo gihe hanashakishwa icyerekezo cy’ubwubatsi bwa FTTx, kandi hashyizweho uburyo bwo kubaka FTTH / FTTB + LAN / FTTB + DSL.Icy'ingenzi cyane, kubera igiciro kinini cyinsinga z'umuringa muri kiriya gihe, ikiguzi cyubwubatsi bwa FTTB cyari gifite inyungu nyinshi kurenza igiciro cyo kubaka insinga z'umuringa.Umuyoboro mugari hamwe nubunini bwurusobe rwa FTTB byari byiza kurenza urwego rwumuringa wumuringa.Kubera iyo mpamvu, mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2007, Ubushinwa Telecom bwafashe icyemezo cyo kwemeza FTTB + LAN kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu turere twinshi twubatswe mu mujyi, ikore FTTB + DSL yinjiza kandi ihindure umusaruro w’umuringa mu turere dusanzweho, kandi ihagarike burundu ishyirwaho ryayo imiyoboro mishya y'umuringa.Kuri iki cyiciro, uburyo bunini bwo kohereza FTTB biterwa nigikorwa cyiza cyibiciro.
Icyiciro cya gatatu cyatangiye mu 2010, FTTx yinjira mu cyiciro gishya cy'iterambere.Mu ntangiriro z'umwaka wa 2010, Minisitiri w’intebe Wen Jiabao yayoboye inama nyobozi y’Inama y’igihugu maze yiyemeza kwihutisha ihuzwa ry’itumanaho, radiyo na televiziyo na interineti.Birasabwa kwihutisha kubaka umuyoboro mugari wa fibre optique no guhindura inzira ebyiri za radiyo na tereviziyo, kandi ko itumanaho na radiyo na televiziyo bigomba gufungura amasoko yabo kandi bigahiganwa mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro."Triple play integration" yazanye abanywanyi bashya hamwe nuburyo bushya bwo guhatanira inganda zose zitumanaho.
Muri Mata, minisiteri na komisiyo 7 zirimo Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho na komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura hamwe bafatanije “Igitekerezo cyo guteza imbere iyubakwa ry’imiyoboro ya Optical Fibre Broadband Networks”, isaba abakora itumanaho kwihutisha iyubakwa ry’umugozi wa fibre optique, no kwihutisha ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya fibre optique mugari no mumidugudu yo mucyaro.“Ibitekerezo” ivuga ko mu mwaka wa 2011, umubare w'ibyambu bya optique ya fibre optique uzarenga miliyoni 80, impuzandengo yo kugera ku bakoresha imijyi igera kuri 8 Mbit / s, impuzandengo yo kugera ku bakoresha icyaro izagera kuri Mbit zirenga 2 / s, hamwe nimpuzandengo yubushobozi bwabakoresha inyubako yubucuruzi izageraho igera kuri 100 Mbit / s.ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza.Mu myaka 3, ishoramari mu kubaka umuyoboro mugari wa fibre optique rizarenga miliyari 150, naho umubare w’abakoresha umurongo mugari uzarenga miliyoni 50.
Ufatanije na gahunda yo kubaka NGB yasohowe mbere n’ubuyobozi bwa Leta bwa Radiyo, Filime na Televiziyo, umurongo wa buri rugo urasabwa kugera kuri 40Mbit / s.Amarushanwa yatangijwe na "triple play" yagiye yibanda buhoro buhoro kumarushanwa yo kugera kumurongo.Abakora itumanaho hamwe na radiyo na televiziyo bose bemeje FTTx nk'ikoranabuhanga ryatoranijwe mu kubaka umuyoboro wihuse.Ibi bituma iterambere rya FTTx rihinduka kuva ikiguzi kugera kumarushanwa yo kwisoko.Iterambere rya FTTx ryinjiye mu cyiciro gishya.
Dufatiye ku bundi buryo, ni ukubera ko hashyizweho uburyo bunini kandi bukuze bwa FTTx mu Bushinwa igihugu cyizera ko ukurikije ikoranabuhanga n'inganda, hari ishingiro rya tekiniki n'ibikoresho byo kwihutisha “guhuza imiyoboro itatu ”.Hashingiwe ku gukenera kwagura ibyifuzo by’imbere mu gihugu no kuzamura urwego rw’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ry’igihugu cyanjye, igihugu cyatangije ingamba z’igihugu zo “guhuza imiyoboro itatu-ikinisha” mu gihe gikwiye.Twashobora kuvuga ko hari umubano wuzuzanya hagati yiterambere ryinganda za FTTx mubushinwa ningamba zigihugu zoguhuza "guhuza imiyoboro itatu".
"Gukina gatatu" bikurura ibitekerezo byiterambere bya FTTx
Fibre-kuri-x (FTTx. i.Fibre-to-home (FTTH) yabaye inzozi nicyerekezo cyikoranabuhanga abantu bamaze imyaka 20 bakurikirana, ariko kubera inzitizi zibiciro, ikoranabuhanga, nibisabwa, ntikiratera imbere cyane kandi gitezimbere.Ariko, iyi ntambwe yiterambere yiterambere iherutse guhinduka cyane.Kubera inkunga ya politiki niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, FTTH yongeye kuba ahantu hashyushye nyuma yimyaka myinshi yo guceceka, yinjira mugihe cyiterambere ryihuse.Ihumure nuburyo bworoshye bwubuzima bwazanywe na porogaramu zinyuranye zijyanye na Broadband nka VoIP, Umukino-wo kuri interineti, E-kwiga, MOD (Multimedia on Demand) hamwe nurugo rwubwenge, hamwe no kureba-ibisobanuro bihanitse byerekanwa na HDTV Impinduramatwara yakoze fibre optique hamwe nibiranga ibintu byiza nkumuvuduko mwinshi, ubushobozi bunini, hamwe nigihombo gito byanze bikunze guhitamo uburyo bwohereza amakuru kubakiriya.Kubera iyo mpamvu, abantu benshi bashishoza bafata FTTx (cyane cyane fibre-to-home na fibre-to-the-jaý) nkimpinduka ikomeye mugusubirana isoko ryitumanaho ryiza.Kandi biteganijwe ko mumyaka mike iri imbere, umuyoboro wa FTTH uzagira iterambere ryinshi.
Ubushinwa Telecom burateganya kubaka imiyoboro ya FTTH miliyoni imwe mu mwaka wa 2010. Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Wuhan ndetse n’izindi ntara n’imijyi nabyo byatanze serivisi zihuse cyane nka 20Mbit / s.Birashobora guhanurwa ko uburyo bwubwubatsi bwa FTTH (fibre-to-the-home) bizahinduka inzira nyamukuru yo kubaka FTTx guhera 2011.Igipimo cyinganda za FTTx nacyo kizaguka bikurikije.Kubakoresha amaradiyo na tereviziyo, nyuma y "guhuza imiyoboro itatu", uburyo bwo gukora byihuse uburyo bubiri bwo guhindura imiyoboro ihari no guteza imbere serivisi nshya nka tereviziyo ya interineti, umurongo mugari wa interineti, no kubona amajwi nicyo kintu cyambere.Ariko, kubera kubura amafaranga, ikoranabuhanga, nubuhanga, ntibishoboka gukoresha amafaranga menshi kugirango twubake umuyoboro w’itumanaho wo mu rwego rwo hejuru.Turashobora gukoresha gusa imiyoboro ihari, gushakisha ubushobozi, no kubaka buhoro buhoro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-27-2023