Mu magambo y'abantu basanzwe, guhuzaUrubuga rw'imikino itatubivuze ko imiyoboro itatu minini y’itumanaho, umuyoboro wa mudasobwa na televiziyo ya cable ishobora gutanga serivisi zuzuye z’itumanaho zirimo ijwi, amakuru n’amashusho binyuze mu mpinduka mu ikoranabuhanga. Sanhe ni ijambo rigari kandi rikoreshwa mu mibanire. Muri iki gihe, ryerekeza ku "ingingo" mu kohereza amakuru kuri "isura", "ingingo" mu kohereza amakuru kuri "ingingo", na mudasobwa. Guhindura igihe mu kubika amakuru muri interineti kugira ngo bifashe abantu neza ntibisobanura guhuza imiyoboro itatu minini y’itumanaho, imiyoboro ya mudasobwa, na televiziyo ya cable, ahubwo ahanini byerekeza ku guhuza porogaramu zo mu rwego rwo hejuru z’ubucuruzi. Nyuma yo "guhuza Network ya Triple-play", abantu bashobora gukoresha remote ya TV kugira ngo bahamagare, barebe imikino ya televiziyo kuri telefoni zabo zigendanwa, bahitemo imiyoboro na terminals uko bikenewe, kandi bagakora itumanaho ryuzuye, televiziyo, na interineti bakoresheje umurongo cyangwa interineti.
Ingazi eshatu zo guteza imbere FTTx
Iterambere rya FTTx yo mu Bushinwa ryanyuze mu byiciro bitatu. Icyiciro cya mbere ni kuva mu 2005 kugeza mu 2007. Iki cyiciro ni icy'icyiciro cy'igerageza. Mu 2005, China Telecom yatangije igerageza rya EPON fiber-to-the-home i Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, na Wuhan kugira ngo irebe niba igeze ku myakaEPONsisitemu no gusesengura ubunararibonye mu bwubatsi. Muri iki gihe, China Netcom, China Mobile, n'ibindi byakoze ibizamini n'igerageza kuri sisitemu ya PON. Igipimo cy'ubwubatsi cya FTTx muri iki cyiciro ni gito cyane.
Icyiciro cya kabiri ni kuva mu 2008 kugeza 2009, kikaba ari icyiciro kinini cyo gukwirakwiza. Nyuma y’icyiciro cya mbere cy’igerageza n’ubushakashatsi, China Telecom yabonye ko sisitemu ya EPON imaze gukura kandi ikora neza, kandi icyarimwe yasuzumye ubwoko bwa FTTx bw’inyubako, maze hashyirwaho uburyo bwo kubaka bwa FTTH/FTTB+LAN/FTTB+DSL. Ikirenzeho, bitewe n’igiciro kinini cy’insinga z’umuringa icyo gihe, ikiguzi cy’icyitegererezo cyo kubaka cya FTTB cyari gifite inyungu nyinshi ugereranyije n’ikiguzi cyo kubaka cyo gushyira insinga z’umuringa. Uburyo umuyoboro wa FTTB ugenda n’ubushobozi bwo kwaguka byari byiza kuruta uko umuyoboro wa FTTB wageraga ku nsinga z’umuringa wari umeze. Kubwibyo, mu mpera za 2007, China Telecom yahisemo gukoresha FTTB+LAN kugira ngo ishyirwe mu bice bishya byubatswe mu mujyi, ikore impinduka mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga bwa FTTB+DSL n’umusaruro w’umuringa mu bice bihari, kandi ihagarike burundu gushyiraho imiyoboro mishya y’insinga z’umuringa. Muri iki cyiciro, gushyiraho FTTB mu buryo bunini biterwa n’imikorere myiza y’ibiciro.
Icyiciro cya gatatu cyatangiye mu 2010, maze FTTx yinjiye mu ntera nshya y’iterambere. Mu ntangiriro za 2010, Minisitiri w’Intebe Wen Jiabao wo mu Nama Njyanama ya Leta yayoboye inama y’abayobozi b’Inama Njyanama ya Leta maze afata icyemezo cyo kwihutisha guhuza umuyoboro w’itumanaho, umuyoboro wa radiyo na televiziyo na interineti. Birakenewe kwihutisha kubaka umuyoboro wa internet wa fiber-optic no guhindura imiyoboro ya radiyo na televiziyo mu buryo bubiri, kandi ko itumanaho na radiyo na televiziyo bigomba gufungura amasoko yabyo no guhatana mu buryo bukwiye. "Guhuza imikino itatu" byazanye abanywanyi bashya n’amashami mashya yo guhatana mu nganda zose z’itumanaho.
Muri Mata, Minisiteri 7 na komisiyo zirimo Minisiteri y’Inganda n’Ikoranabuhanga mu Itumanaho na Komisiyo y’Igihugu Ishinzwe Iterambere n’Ivugurura byashyize ahagaragara ku bufatanye “Ibitekerezo ku Guteza Imbere Iyubakwa ry’Imiyoboro ya Broadband ya Optical Fiber”, bisaba abakora itumanaho kwihutisha iyubakwa rya broadband ya optical fiber, no kwihutisha ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya broadband ya optical mu mijyi no mu midugudu yo mu cyaro. “Ibitekerezo” bigaragaza ko mu 2011, umubare w’ibyambu bya broadband ya optical fibre uzarenga miliyoni 80, impuzandengo y’ubushobozi bw’abakoresha imijyi izagera kuri Mbit zirenga 8/s, impuzandengo y’ubushobozi bw’abakoresha mu cyaro izagera kuri Mbit zirenga 2/s, naho impuzandengo y’ubushobozi bw’abakoresha inyubako z’ubucuruzi izagera kuri Mbit zirenga 100/s. Mu myaka 3, ishoramari mu kubaka umuyoboro wa broadband ya optic izarenga miliyari 150 z’amayuan, naho umubare w’abakoresha broadband bashya uzarenga miliyoni 50.
Hamwe na gahunda yo kubaka NGB yatangajwe mbere n'Ubuyobozi bwa Leta bushinzwe Radiyo, Filimi na Televiziyo, umuyoboro w'itumanaho wa buri rugo urakenewe kugera kuri 40Mbit/s. Irushanwa ryatangijwe na "triple play" ryibanze buhoro buhoro ku irushanwa ry'umuyoboro w'itumanaho. Abakora itumanaho n'abakora radiyo na televiziyo ku bwumvikane bwabo bemeye FTTx nk'ikoranabuhanga rikunzwe cyane mu kubaka umuyoboro w'itumanaho wihuta. Ibi bituma iterambere rya FTTx rihinduka kuva ku giciro cy'ikiguzi rijya ku giciro cy'isoko. Iterambere rya FTTx ryinjiye mu ntera nshya.
Ku rundi ruhande, ni ukubera ko FTTx yashyizwe mu Bushinwa mu buryo bunini kandi bugezweho, ari cyo cyatumye igihugu cyizera ko mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga n'uruhererekane rw'inganda, hari ishingiro rya tekiniki n'ibikoresho byo kwihutisha "guhuza imiyoboro itatu". Hashingiwe ku gukenera kwagura ibyo abantu bakeneye mu gihugu no kongera urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga ry'itangazamakuru mu gihugu cyanjye, igihugu cyatangije ingamba z'igihugu zo "guhuza imiyoboro itatu" mu gihe gikwiye. Dushobora kuvuga ko hari isano iri hagati y'iterambere ry'inganda za FTTx mu Bushinwa n'ingamba z'igihugu zo "guhuza imiyoboro itatu".
"Gukina gatatu" bitera ibitekerezo byo guteza imbere FTTx guhanga udushya
Fiber-to-the-x (FTTx) uburyo bwo kugera kuri fibre (FTTx, x = H ku rugo, P ku nyubako, C ku nkengero na N ku gace cyangwa akarere) aho fibre ya FTTH ijya mu rugo, fibre ya FTTP ijya mu nyubako, fibre ya FTTC ijya mu nkengero z'umuhanda/umuryango, fibre ya FTTN ijya mu nyubako. Fibre-ku-urugo (FTTH) yabaye inzozi n'icyerekezo cy'ikoranabuhanga abantu bamaze imyaka 20 bakurikirana, ariko kubera imbogamizi mu biciro, ikoranabuhanga, n'ubusabe, ntabwo iratezwa imbere cyane. Ariko, iyi ntambwe y'iterambere iherutse guhinduka cyane. Bitewe n'inkunga ya politiki n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, FTTH yongeye kuba ahantu hakomeye nyuma y'imyaka myinshi y'ituze, yinjira mu gihe cy'iterambere ryihuse. Ihumure n'uburyohe bw'ubuzima byazanywe na porogaramu zitandukanye zijyanye na interineti nka VoIP, umukino wo kuri interineti, E-learning, MOD (Multimedia on Demand) na smart home, hamwe no kureba ibintu bigezweho byatewe na HDTV Impinduramatwara yatumye fibre y'urumuri ifite imiterere myiza nka bandwidth nini, ubushobozi bunini, n'igihombo gito iba amahitamo adashobora kwirindwa ku buryo bwo kohereza amakuru ku mukiriya. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abantu benshi bafite ubushishozi babona FTTx (cyane cyane fibre-to-the-home na fibre-to-the-place) nk'impinduka zikomeye mu kugarura isoko ry'itumanaho ry'amatara. Kandi byitezwe ko mu myaka mike iri imbere, umuyoboro wa FTTH uzaba ufite iterambere rikomeye.
China Telecom irateganya kubaka imiyoboro ya FTTH miliyoni imwe mu 2010. Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Wuhan n'izindi ntara n'imijyi nabyo byagiye bitanga serivisi za interineti yihuta cyane nka 20Mbit/s. Bishobora kuvugwa ko uburyo bwo kubaka FTTH (fiber-to-the-home) buzaba uburyo busanzwe bwo kubaka FTTx kuva mu 2011. Ingano y'inganda za FTTx nayo izaguka uko bikwiye. Ku bakoresha radiyo na televiziyo, nyuma ya "guhuza imiyoboro itatu", uburyo bwo guhindura vuba imiyoboro isanzwe no guteza imbere serivisi nshya nka televiziyo ikorana, interineti ikoresha interineti, no gukoresha amajwi ni ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Ariko, kubera kubura amafaranga, ikoranabuhanga, n'impano, ntibishoboka gukoresha amafaranga menshi kugira ngo twubake umuyoboro w'itumanaho mwiza. Dushobora gukoresha gusa umutungo w'imiyoboro usanzwe, tugakoresha ubushobozi, kandi tukawubaka buhoro buhoro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-27-2023