Guhindura PON birinzwe ni iki?

Bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’umubare wa serivisi zitangwa na Passive Optical Networks (PON), byabaye ngombwa ko serivisi zisubizwa vuba nyuma y’aho umurongo unaniriye. Ikoranabuhanga ryo guhindura uburyo bwo kurinda PON, nk'igisubizo cy’ingenzi cyo gukomeza ubucuruzi, rituma umuyoboro w’itumanaho ukomeza gukora neza, rirushaho kuba ryiza mu kugabanya igihe cyo guhagarika umuyoboro kugeza kuri 50ms binyuze mu buryo bw’ubwenge bwo gusibanganya amakuru.

Ishingiro ryaPONGuhindura uburinzi ni ukugira ngo ubucuruzi bukomeze binyuze mu buryo bw'inzira ebyiri bwa "primary + backup".

Imikorere yayo igabanyijemo ibice bitatu: icya mbere, mu cyiciro cyo gutahura, sisitemu ishobora kumenya neza ikibazo cya fibre cyangwa ikibazo cy'ibikoresho muri 5ms binyuze mu guhuza uburyo bwo kugenzura ingufu z'amashanyarazi, gusesengura igipimo cy'amakosa, n'ubutumwa bw'umutima; Mu gihe cyo guhindura, igikorwa cyo guhindura gitangira mu buryo bwikora hashingiwe ku ngamba yashyizweho mbere, aho gutinda guhindura bigenzurwa muri 30ms; Amaherezo, mu cyiciro cyo gusubiza, kwimuka mu buryo butaziguye kw'ibipimo 218 by'ubucuruzi nka VLAN settings na bandwidth allocation bigerwaho binyuze muri moteri yo guhuza imiterere, bigatuma abakoresha ba nyuma batabimenya na gato.

Amakuru nyayo yerekeye uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru agaragaza ko nyuma yo gukoresha iri koranabuhanga, igihe cyo guhagarika imiyoboro ya PON buri mwaka gishobora kugabanuka kuva ku masaha 8.76 kugeza ku masegonda 26, kandi icyizere gishobora kunozwa inshuro 1200. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kurinda PON burimo ubwoko bune, Ubwoko bwa A kugeza Ubwoko bwa D, bukora sisitemu yuzuye ya tekiniki kuva ku y’ibanze kugeza ku yateye imbere.

Ubwoko bwa A (Trunk Fiber Redundancy) bukoresha imiterere ya ports ebyiri za PON ku ruhande rwa OLT zisangira MAC. Bushyiraho umurongo wa fibre optic w’ibanze n’uwa nyuma binyuze muri splitter ya 2: N kandi bugahita buhinduka muri 40ms. Igiciro cyayo cyo guhindura ibyuma byiyongeraho 20% by’umutungo wa fibre, bigatuma ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bijyanye no kohereza amakuru mu ntera ngufi nka za campus networks. Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ko iyi gahunda ifite imbogamizi kuri board imwe, kandi kunanirwa k’umurongo umwe kwa splitter bishobora gutera guhagarika umurongo wa kabiri.

Ubwoko bwa B bugezweho (OLT port redundancy) bukoresha imiyoboro ibiri ya chips za MAC zigenga ku ruhande rwa OLT, bushyigikira uburyo bwo gusimbuza bukonje/bushyuhe, kandi bushobora kwaguka bukagera ku buryo bwo gusimbuza ibiri muri OLT.FTTHikizamini cy’ikibazo, iki gisubizo cyageze ku kwimuka kwa ONU 128 mu buryo butaziguye mu ntera ya 50ms, hamwe n’igipimo cyo gutakaza paki cya 0. Cyakoreshejwe neza kuri sisitemu yo kohereza videwo ya 4K mu itumanaho na televiziyo byo mu ntara.

Ubwoko bwa C (uburinzi bwuzuye bwa fibre) bukoreshwa binyuze mu gukwirakwiza fibre ebyiri mu buryo bw'umugongo/uburyo bukwirakwizwa, hamwe n'igishushanyo mbonera cya ONU dual optical module, kugira ngo butange uburinzi kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera ku buryo bw'ubucuruzi bw'imari. Bwageze ku nshuro ya 300ms mu igeragezwa ry'imihangayiko mu isoko ry'imigabane, byujuje neza amahame yo kwihanganira imipaka ya subsecond ya sisitemu yo gucuruza impapuro mvunjwafaranga.

Ubwoko bwa D bwo ku rwego rwo hejuru (gusubiza inyuma sisitemu yuzuye) bukoresha imiterere y’igisirikare, bufite uburyo bwo kugenzura bubiri n’imiterere y’indege ebyiri kuri OLT na ONU, bushyigikira ubucucike bw’amashanyarazi bw’ibice bitatu. Ingero y’aho umuyoboro wa 5G base station backhaul ushyirwa mu bikorwa igaragaza ko igisubizo gishobora gukomeza gukora neza mu buryo bwa 10ms mu bidukikije bikomeye cyane bya -40 ℃, igihe cyo guhagarika buri mwaka kikagenzurwa mu masegonda 32, kandi cyaratsinze icyemezo cya gisirikare cya MIL-STD-810G.

Kugira ngo hagerwe ku guhinduranya ibintu mu buryo butagorana, hagomba kugerwaho imbogamizi ebyiri zikomeye za tekiniki:

Mu bijyanye no guhuza imiterere, sisitemu ikoresha ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye ryo guhuza amakuru kugira ngo irebe ko ibipimo 218 bitahinduka nka politiki ya VLAN na QoS bihuye. Muri icyo gihe, ihuza amakuru ahindagurika nka aderesi ya MAC na DHCP binyuze mu buryo bwihuse bwo kongera gukoresha amakuru, kandi igahaza neza imfunguzo z'umutekano hashingiwe ku muyoboro wa AES-256 wo gufunga amakuru;

Mu cyiciro cyo kugarura serivisi, hakozwe uburyo bwo gukingira butatu - hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuvumbura bwihuse kugira ngo igihe cyo kwiyandikisha cya ONU kibe mu masegonda 3, uburyo bwo gusohora amazi bushingiye kuri SDN kugira ngo hagerwe ku ngengabihe nyayo y'urujya n'uruza rw'abantu, no gupima mu buryo bwikora ibipimo byinshi nk'ingufu z'urumuri/gutinda.