Intangiriro kuri tekinoroji ya PAM4

Mbere yo gusobanukirwa tekinoroji ya PAM4, tekinoroji yo guhindura ni iki? Tekinoroji yo guhinduranya ni tekinike yo guhindura ibimenyetso bya baseband (ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi mbisi) mubimenyetso byohereza. Kugirango habeho itumanaho neza kandi tuneshe ibibazo mugukwirakwiza ibimenyetso birebire, birakenewe kohereza ibimenyetso byerekana umuyoboro mwinshi cyane binyuze muburyo bwo kohereza.

PAM4 ni tekinike ya kane pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) tekinike yo guhindura.

Ikimenyetso cya PAM nubuhanga bukwirakwiza ibimenyetso nyuma ya NRZ (Kudasubira kuri Zeru).

Ikimenyetso cya NRZ gikoresha ibimenyetso bibiri, hejuru no hasi, kugirango bihagararire 1 na 0 byerekana ibimenyetso bya logique, kandi birashobora kohereza amakuru 1 ya logique kumasaha.

Ikimenyetso cya PAM4 gikoresha urwego 4 rutandukanye rwo kohereza ibimenyetso, kandi buri cyiciro cyisaha kirashobora kohereza ibice 2 byamakuru yumvikana, aribyo 00, 01, 10, na 11.
Kubwibyo, mugihe kimwe cya baud igipimo, igipimo cya biti ya PAM4 yikubye kabiri icyapa cya NRZ, cyikuba kabiri uburyo bwo kohereza kandi kigabanya neza ibiciro.

Ikoranabuhanga rya PAM4 ryakoreshejwe cyane murwego rwo guhuza ibimenyetso byihuse. Kugeza ubu, hari 400G optique ya transceiver module ishingiye kuri tekinoroji ya PAM4 yo guhinduranya amakuru hamwe na 50G optique ya transceiver module ishingiye kuri tekinoroji ya PAM4 yo guhuza imiyoboro ya 5G.

Igikorwa cyo gushyira mubikorwa 400G DML optique ya transceiver module ishingiye kuri modulisiyo ya PAM4 nuburyo bukurikira: mugihe cyohereza ibimenyetso byigice, imiyoboro 16 yakiriwe ya 25G NRZ yamashanyarazi yinjizwa mubice byamashanyarazi, byakozwe mbere na DSP itunganya, PAM4 yahinduwe, na gusohora imiyoboro 8 ya 25G PAM4 ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi, bishyirwa kuri chip ya shoferi. Ibimenyetso byihuta byumuyagankuba bihindurwa mumiyoboro 8 ya 50Gbps yihuta ya optique ya optique binyuze mumiyoboro 8 ya laseri, ihujwe na multiplexer igabanya umurongo, hanyuma igahuzwa mumurongo 1 wa 400G yihuta ya optique yerekana ibimenyetso. Iyo wakiriye ibimenyetso bya unité, yakiriwe 1-umuyoboro wa 400G yihuta ya optique ni iyinjizwa binyuze mumashanyarazi ya optique, ihindurwamo umuyoboro wa 8-umuyoboro wa 50Gbps wihuta wihuta binyuze muri demultiplexer, wakiriwe na optique, hanyuma uhinduka amashanyarazi ikimenyetso. Nyuma yo gukira amasaha, kwongera imbaraga, kuringaniza, hamwe na PAM4 demodulation hamwe na chip itunganya DSP, ikimenyetso cyamashanyarazi gihinduka mumiyoboro 16 ya 25G NRZ yerekana amashanyarazi.

Koresha tekinoroji ya PAM4 kuri 400Gb / s optique. Module ya 400Gb / s ishingiye kuri modulisiyo ya PAM4 irashobora kugabanya umubare wa lazeri zisabwa ku ihererekanyabubasha kandi bikagabanya umubare w’abakiriya basabwa ku iherezo ryakiriwe kubera gukoresha tekiniki zo mu rwego rwo hejuru ugereranije na NRZ. Guhindura PAM4 bigabanya umubare wibikoresho bya optique muburyo bwa optique, bishobora kuzana inyungu nkigiciro cyo guterana gake, kugabanya ingufu zamashanyarazi, nubunini buke bwo gupakira.

Hano harakenewe modul optique ya 50Gbit / s mumashanyarazi ya 5G no gusubiza inyuma, kandi igisubizo gishingiye kubikoresho bya optique 25G kandi byuzuzwa na PAM4 pulse amplitude modulation modulation byemejwe kugirango bigerweho kandi bidahenze cyane.

Iyo usobanura ibimenyetso bya PAM-4, ni ngombwa kwitondera itandukaniro riri hagati yikigereranyo cya baud nigipimo cya biti. Kubimenyetso bya NRZ gakondo, kuva ikimenyetso kimwe cyohereza amakuru make, igipimo cya biti na baud igipimo kimwe. Kurugero, muri 100G Ethernet, ukoresheje ibimenyetso bine 25.78125GBaud yo kohereza, igipimo cya biti kuri buri kimenyetso nacyo ni 25.78125Gbps, kandi ibimenyetso bine bigera kuri 100Gbps yohereza ibimenyetso; Kubimenyetso bya PAM-4, kubera ko ikimenyetso kimwe cyohereza bits 2 zamakuru, igipimo cya biti gishobora kwanduzwa nikubye kabiri igipimo cya baud. Kurugero, ukoresheje imiyoboro 4 ya 26.5625GBaud ya signal yo kohereza muri 200G Ethernet, igipimo cya biti kuri buri muyoboro ni 53.125Gbps, naho imiyoboro 4 yibimenyetso irashobora kugera kuri 200Gbps yohereza ibimenyetso. Kuri 400G Ethernet, irashobora kugerwaho numuyoboro 8 wibimenyetso bya 26.5625GB.