Ikoranabuhanga Eshanu Zikomeye za LAN Switches

Kubera ko LAN switches zikoresha virtual circuit switching, zishobora kwemeza mu buryo bwa tekiniki ko bandwidth hagati y’inzira zose zo kwinjira n’izisohoka idatera impaka, bigatuma amakuru yihuta cyane hagati y’inzira zidatera ingorane zo kohereza amakuru. Ibi byongera cyane uburyo amakuru atangwa n’urubuga anyuramo kandi bigatunganya sisitemu rusange y’itumanaho. Iyi nkuru isobanura ikoranabuhanga ritanu ry’ingenzi rikoreshwa.

1. ASIC ishobora gutegurwa (Ihuriro ryihariye rya porogaramu)

Iyi ni chip yabugenewe ya circuit integrated yagenewe kunoza uburyo bwo guhinduranya Layer-2. Ni ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi rikoreshwa mu bisubizo by'itumanaho muri iki gihe. Imirimo myinshi ishobora guhuzwa kuri chip imwe, itanga ibyiza nko gushushanya byoroshye, kwizera cyane, gukoresha ingufu nke, imikorere myiza, no ku giciro gito. Chips za ASIC zishobora gukoreshwa cyane muri switch za LAN zishobora guhindurwa n'abakora - cyangwa ndetse n'abakoresha - kugira ngo zihuze n'ibyo porogaramu ikeneye. Zabaye imwe mu ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi muri porogaramu za switch za LAN.

2. Umuyoboro w'amazi ukwirakwizwa

Hamwe n'imiyoboro ikwirakwizwa, moteri nyinshi zikwirakwiza zirashobora kohereza vuba kandi ku buryo bwigenga amapaki yazo. Mu muyoboro umwe, utumashini twinshi twa ASIC dushobora gutunganya amafuremu menshi icyarimwe. Uku guhuza no gushyira hamwe imiyoboro bizamura imikorere yo kohereza ku rwego rushya, bigatuma habaho imikorere ya line-rate kuri unicast, streaming, na multicast ku byambu byose. Kubwibyo, kohereza imiyoboro ikwirakwizwa ni ikintu cyingenzi mu kunoza umuvuduko wo guhindura LAN.

3. ububiko bushobora kwaguka mu buryo budasanzwe

Ku bicuruzwa bigezweho byo guhindura LAN, imikorere myiza n'imikorere myiza akenshi bishingiye kuri sisitemu y'ubwenge yo kubika amakuru. Ikoranabuhanga rya memori rishobora kwaguka rituma switch yongera ubushobozi bwo kubika amakuru mu gihe igenda igana ku rubuga hakurikijwe ibisabwa. Muri switch za Layer-3, igice cya memori gifitanye isano itaziguye na moteri yo kohereza amakuru, bigatuma hongerwamo module nyinshi zo kohereza amakuru. Uko umubare wa moteri zo kohereza amakuru wiyongera, ububiko bujyanye nabwo buragenda bwiyongera. Binyuze mu gutunganya ASIC ishingiye ku miyoboro, buffers zishobora kubakwa mu buryo buhamye kugira ngo zongere ikoreshwa rya memori no gukumira ibura rya paki mu gihe cy'amakuru menshi.

4. Uburyo bwo Gushyira Umurongo mu Mirongo Ihanitse

Uko igikoresho cya interineti cyaba gifite imbaraga zingana kose, kizakomeza kugira ibibazo byo gucucikana mu bice by’imiyoboro bihujwe. Ubusanzwe, urujya n’uruza rw’abantu ku cyambu rubikwa mu murongo umwe w’ibisohoka, bigatunganywa neza mu buryo bwa FIFO hatitawe ku cyambere. Iyo umurongo wuzuye, amapaki y’ibirenzeho arakurwa; iyo umurongo w’ibice ubaye munini, gutinda kwiyongera. Ubu buryo busanzwe bwo gushyira umurongo ku murongo butera ingorane kuri porogaramu zikoreshwa mu buryo bwihuse no mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga.
Bityo, abacuruzi benshi bashyizeho ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gutondeka umurongo kugira ngo bashyigikire serivisi zitandukanye ku bice bya Ethernet, mu gihe bagenzura gutinda no gutinda. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo urwego rwinshi rw'umurongo kuri buri cyambu, bigatuma habaho itandukaniro ryiza ry'urwego rw'umuvuduko. Paki za multimedia na data zishyirwa mu murongo w'ingenzi cyane, kandi hamwe no gutondeka umurongo w'ingenzi, iyi mirongo itunganywa kenshi - batirengagije burundu umuvuduko w'umuvuduko w'ingenzi. Abakoresha porogaramu gakondo ntibabona impinduka mu gihe cyo gusubiza cyangwa mu gutanga amakuru, mu gihe abakoresha porogaramu zijyanye n'igihe babona ibisubizo ku gihe.

5. Gushyira mu byiciro ibinyabiziga mu buryo bwikora

Mu kohereza amakuru kuri interineti, amwe mu makuru agenda ni ingenzi kurusha andi. Uburyo bwa Layer-3 LAN bwatangiye gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gushyira mu byiciro ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bwikora kugira ngo hamenyekane ubwoko butandukanye bw'amakuru ajyanye n'ingenzi ku muyoboro w'itumanaho. Imyitozo igaragaza ko hamwe no gushyira mu byiciro ikoranabuhanga, amakuru ashobora kwigisha umuyoboro utunganya amakuru gutandukanya inzira zagenwe n'umukoresha, bigatuma habaho gutinda guke no kohereza amakuru mu buryo bwihutirwa. Ibi ntibitanga gusa igenzura n'imicungire myiza y'inzira zihariye z'itumanaho, ahubwo binafasha gukumira urujya n'uruza rw'amakuru.