Ibisobanuro birambuye ku kubura k'uburyo ibintu bikoresha fibre optique bipfa

Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora imigozi y'urumuri bishobora kwinjiza ingufu z'urumuri. Nyuma y'uko uduce tw'ibikoresho bya fibre y'urumuri dufata ingufu z'urumuri, bitera guhindagurika no gushyuha, bigatuma ingufu zigabanuka, bigatuma umuntu atakaza ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ingufu.Iyi nkuru izasesengura uburyo ibikoresho bya fibre optique bitakaza ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ibintu.

Tuzi ko ibintu bigizwe na atome na molekile, kandi atome zigizwe na nuclei atome na electron zidasanzwe, zizenguruka nucleus atome mu nzira runaka. Ibi ni nk'uko Isi tubaho, kimwe n'imibumbe nka Venus na Mars, byose bizenguruka izuba. Buri electron ifite ingufu runaka kandi iri mu nzira runaka, cyangwa mu yandi magambo, buri nzira ifite ingufu runaka.

Ingufu zituruka ku ruziga rwegereye nucleus ya atome ziri hasi, mu gihe ingufu zituruka ku ruziga ziri kure cyane y’nucleus ya atome ziri hejuru.Ubunini bw'itandukaniro ry'urwego rw'ingufu hagati y'inzira z'ingufu bwitwa itandukaniro ry'urwego rw'ingufu. Iyo electron zivuye ku rwego rw'ingufu nke zijya ku rwego rw'ingufu nyinshi, zigomba kwinjiza ingufu ku kinyuranyo cy'urwego rw'ingufu zijyanye.

Mu migozi y'urumuri, iyo electron ziri ku rwego runaka rw'ingufu zimurikiwe n'urumuri rw'uburebure bw'uburebure bujyanye n'itandukaniro ry'urwego rw'ingufu, electron ziri ku miyoboro y'ingufu nke zizahinduka zijya ku miyoboro y'ingufu ifite urugero rw'ingufu rwinshi.Iyi electron ifata ingufu z'urumuri, bigatuma urumuri rutakaza ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza urumuri.

Ibikoresho by'ibanze mu gukora imigozi y'urumuri, silicon dioxide (SiO2), ubwayo yinjiza urumuri, rumwe rwitwa ultraviolet absorption n'urundi rwitwa infrared absorption. Muri iki gihe, itumanaho rya fiber optique muri rusange rikora gusa mu rugero rw'uburebure bwa 0.8-1.6 μ m, bityo tuzaganira gusa ku gihombo kiri muri aka gace k'akazi.

Agahenge k’urumuri gaterwa n’impinduka z’ikoranabuhanga mu kirahuri cya quartz kaba gafite ubunini bwa 0.1-0.2 μ m mu gace ka ultraviolet. Uko ubunini bw’urumuri bugenda bwiyongera, uburyo rugenda rugabanuka buhoro buhoro, ariko agace kagizweho ingaruka kaba kanini, kagera ku bunini bwa 1 μ m. Ariko, uburyo rukoresha UV bigira ingaruka nke ku migozi ya quartz ikora mu gace ka infrared. Urugero, mu gace k’urumuri rugaragara ku bunini bwa 0.6 μ m, uburyo rukoresha UV rukagera kuri 1dB/km, rukagabanuka rukagera kuri 0.2-0.3dB/km ku bunini bwa 0.8 μ m, kandi kagera kuri 0.1dB/km gusa ku bunini bwa 1.2 μ m.

Kubura k’umunyu wa quartz mu buryo bwa infrared bikomoka ku kuzungazunga kwa molekile mu gice cya infrared. Hari uburebure bwinshi bw’umunyu wa quartz mu gice cya frequence kiri hejuru ya 2 μ m. Bitewe n’ingaruka z’ibintu bitandukanye bikoresha doping mu minyu wa optique, ntibishoboka ko iminyu wa quartz igira akantu gato ko gutakaza mu gice cya frequence kiri hejuru ya 2 μ m. Kubura k’umunyu wa quartz ku rugero rw’uburebure rwa 1.85 μ m ni ldB/km.Binyuze mu bushakashatsi, byagaragaye ko hari "molecules" zimwe na zimwe zisenya" zitera ibibazo mu kirahuri cya quartz, ahanini imyanda yangiza icyuma nk'umuringa, icyuma, chromium, manganese, nibindi. Aba bagizi ba nabi binjiza ingufu z'urumuri mu buryo bwifuje munsi y'urumuri, bagasimbuka kandi bagasimbuka hirya no hino, bigatuma ingufu z'urumuri zigabanuka. Gukuraho "abateza ibibazo" no gusukura ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora imigozi y'urumuri bishobora kugabanya cyane igihombo.

Indi soko y’ingufu za quartz optique ni hydroxide (OH -). Byagaragaye ko hydroxide ifite imisozi itatu y’ingufu mu gice cy’imikorere cya fibre, ari yo 0.95 μ m, 1.24 μ m, na 1.38 μ m. Muri zo, igabanuka ry’ingufu ku burebure bwa 1.38 μ m ni ryo rinini cyane kandi rigira ingaruka zikomeye kuri fibre. Ku burebure bwa 1.38 μ m, igabanuka ry’ingufu riterwa na iyoni za hydroxide zifite 0.0001 gusa riba riri hejuru ya 33dB/km.

Izi iyoni za hydroxide zituruka he? Hari amasoko menshi ya iyoni za hydroxide. Ubwa mbere, ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora imiyoboro y'urumuri birimo ubushuhe n'ibinyabutabire bya hydroxide, bigoye kubikuraho mu gihe cyo gusukura ibikoresho fatizo kandi amaherezo bikaguma mu buryo bwa iyoni za hydroxide mu miyoboro y'urumuri; Icya kabiri, ibinyabutabire bya hydrogen na ogisijeni bikoreshwa mu gukora imiyoboro y'urumuri birimo ubushuhe buke; Icya gatatu, amazi akorwa mu gihe cyo gukora imiyoboro y'urumuri bitewe n'ingaruka za shimi; Icya kane ni uko kwinjira k'umwuka wo hanze bizana umwuka w'amazi. Ariko, uburyo bwo gukora ubu bwateye imbere cyane, kandi ingano ya iyoni za hydroxide yagabanutse ku rugero rwo hasi ku buryo ingaruka zayo ku miyoboro y'urumuri zishobora kwirengagizwa.