Isesengura ry'Ibintu Bigabanya Intera yo Gutuma Module Ikora Ijwi Igera

Intera yo kohereza amakuru ya modules optique igengwa n'uruvange rw'ibintu bifatika n'iby'ubuhanga, byose hamwe bigena intera ntarengwa ibimenyetso by'uruvange bishobora koherezwamo neza binyuze muri fibre optique. Iyi nkuru isobanura ibintu byinshi bikunze kubangamira.

Ubwa mbere,ubwoko n'ubwiza bw'urumuri rw'izubabigira uruhare rukomeye. Porogaramu zikoresha uburyo bworoshye zikoresha uburyo buhendutseLED cyangwa laser za VCSEL, mu gihe kohereza amakuru hagati n'arehare bishingira ku mikorere myizaLazeri za DFB cyangwa EMLIngufu zisohoka, ubugari bwa spectral, n'ubudahinduka bw'uburebure bw'umuraba bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bushobozi bwo kohereza.

Icya kabiri,kugabanya fibreni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigabanya intera yo kohereza. Uko ibimenyetso by'urumuri bikwirakwira binyuze muri fibre, bigenda bigabanuka buhoro buhoro bitewe no kwinjiza ibintu, gukwirakwira kwa Rayleigh, no gutakaza imbaraga. Kuri fibre imwe, uburyo busanzwe bwo kugabanya imbaraga ni nko0.5 dB/km kuri 1310 nmkandi ishobora kuba iri hasi cyane kugeza kuri0.2–0.3 dB/km kuri 1550 nmMu buryo bunyuranye, fibre ya multimode igaragaza kugabanuka cyane kwa3–4 dB/km kuri 850 nm, niyo mpamvu sisitemu za multimode muri rusange zigarukira ku itumanaho rigufi riri hagati ya metero amagana na kilometero 2.

Byongeye kandi,ingaruka zo gukwirakwizabigabanya cyane intera yo kohereza ibimenyetso by’urumuri rwihuta. Gutatana—harimo gutatana kw’ibintu no gutatana kw’amajwi—bitera kwaguka kw’amajwi mu gihe cyo kohereza, bigatera kwivanga kw’ibimenyetso hagati y’amajwi. Iyi ngaruka iba mbi cyane ku gipimo cy’amakuru ya10 Gbps no hejuru yayoKugira ngo bigabanye gukwirakwira kw'amakuru, uburyo bwo kugenda kure bukunze gukoreshafibre igabanya ubushyuhe (DCF)cyangwa gukoreshalasers zifite ubugari buciriritse hamwe n'imiterere ihanitse ya modulation.

Muri icyo gihe,uburebure bw'umurambararo w'imikorerey'imashini ikoresha optique ifitanye isano rya hafi n'intera yo kohereza.Umugozi wa 850 nmikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kohereza ubutumwa bugufi hakoreshejwe fibre ya multimode.Umugozi wa 1310 nm, ijyanye n'idirishya ryo gukwirakwiza fibre imwe, ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu ntera iri hagati ya10–40 km.IcyoUmugozi wa 1550 nmitanga uburibwe buke kandi ijyanye naamplifiers za fibre zikozwe muri erbium (EDFAs), bigatuma ikoreshwa cyane mu gutwara abantu mu nzira ndende no mu ngendo ndende cyane.40 km, nkaIbirometero 80 cyangwa ndetse na kilometero 120amasano.

Umuvuduko wo kohereza amakuru ubwawo ushyiraho imbogamizi ku ntera. Igipimo cyo hejuru cy'amakuru gisaba ko habaho ikigereranyo gikomeye cy'urusaku hagati y'amajwi n'amajwi kuri receiver, bigatuma habaho kugabanuka k'uburyo receiver ibasha kugera ku rundi ruhande kandi ikaba ari ndende cyane. Urugero, module y'amajwi ishyigikiraIbirometero 40 kuri 1 Gbpsbishobora kugarukira kurimunsi ya kilometero 10 kuri 100 Gbps.

Byongeye kandi,ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije—nk'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe, kugonda cyane kwa fibre, kwanduzwa n'ibice byayo, no gusaza kw'ibice byayo—bishobora guteza igihombo cyangwa kugarura urumuri, bikagabanya intera nziza yo kohereza amakuru. Ni ngombwa kandi kumenya ko itumanaho rya fibre-optic atari ko buri gihe "riba rigufi, ni ko riba ryiza." Akenshi hariintera ntoya yo kohereza ubutumwa(urugero, modules za mode imwe zisanzwe zikenera metero ≥ 2) kugira ngo hirindwe ko urumuri rukabije rugaragara, bishobora gutuma isoko ya laser ihungabana.