Ikoranabuhanga rikoresha umugozi rigira uruhare runini muri interineti y’ibintu, rikubiyemo ibintu byinshi bitandukanye. Iyi nkuru itanga ibisobanuro bigufi kuri bumwe mu ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe rya IoT.
1. Imiyoboro ya telefoni zigendanwa
Twese tuzi ikoranabuhanga rya telefoni zigendanwa—ikoranabuhanga rimwe rikoreshwa muri telefoni zigendanwa. Mbere na mbere, izi mbuga za telefoni zigendanwa zari zigenewe telefoni zigendanwa zikoresha batiri kandi ntizari nziza cyane mu iterambere rya IoT. Ariko, iterambere riherutse ryatumye ikoranabuhanga rya telefoni zigendanwa rirushaho kuba ryiza mu gukoresha IoT.
Nubwo imiyoboro ya telefoni zigendanwa iboneka cyane mu turere twinshi, itumanaho rya telefoni zigendanwa rikunze kuba ribi ahantu hakenewe cyane kugenzura, nko muri ascenseur, mu byumba by'ibikoresho, no mu byumba byo munsi y'ubutaka. Nubwo ikoranabuhanga rishya ryagabanyije ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi, itumanaho rya telefoni zigendanwa riracyasaba ingufu nyinshi kurusha izindi koranabuhanga nyinshi zidafite insinga.
Imiyoboro ya telefoni zigendanwa ya 5G, nk'ikoranabuhanga ry'iki gihe gitaha, ritanga umuvuduko mwinshi no kugenda, bigatuma biba byiza mu kugenzura amashusho, gutwara abantu n'ibintu, kohereza amakuru y'ubuvuzi, no gukora ikoranabuhanga. Biteganyijwe ko mu 2024, hazaba hariAbakoresha telefoni zigendanwa za 5G miliyari 1.9 ku isi yose.
2. LPWAN
LPWAN yakozwe kugira ngo ikemure ibibazo byo guhuza telefoni zigendanwa. Ugereranyije na Bluetooth cyangwa Wi-Fi, LPWAN ishobora kohereza amakuru mato mu ntera ndende cyane.
LoRaWANni imwe mu miyoboro ya IoT ikoreshwa cyane, ituma itumanaho rikorwa kure rishoboka. Isaba ingufu nke cyane kandi ikoresha chipsets zihendutse. Byongeye kandi, iyi miyoboro ikora kure ishobora gutanga uburyo bwo guhuza uturere tunini kandi dutuwe cyane.
3. Wi-Fi
Nubwo Wi-Fi ikunzwe cyane mu ngo, uburyo ikoreshwamo ikoranabuhanga rito, gukoresha ingufu nke, ndetse n'uburyo ishobora kwaguka bituma idakora neza muri porogaramu za IoT. Wi-Fi ikwiriye cyane ibikoresho byo mu rugo bishobora guhuzwa n'isoko ry'amashanyarazi kandi muri rusange si amahitamo meza yo guhuza IoT n'inganda.
Igipimo cya Wi-Fi gikunzwe cyane,Wi-Fi 6, itanga umuyoboro munini w'itumanaho ndetse no mu duce dutuwe n'abantu benshi. Ariko, iracyasaba kuvugurura ibikorwa remezo.
4. Imiyoboro y'urushundura
Nk’uko izina ribigaragaza, imiyoboro ya mesh ishingira ku mikoranire hagati y’ibice. Bitandukanye na topologie y’inyenyeri, aho imiyoboro yose ikorana n’ihuriro ry’imiyoboro, imiyoboro ya mesh yohereza amakuru hagati y’imiyoboro kugeza igeze ku irembo.
Imiyoboro ya mesh ntabwo ikora neza mu ntera ndende kandi isaba umubare munini wa sensors kugira ngo itange ubwikorezi buhagije. Ikoresha imbaraga nyinshi kurusha porogaramu zikoreshwa mu ntera ngufi. Ariko, imiyoboro ya mesh ni ikomeye kandi yizewe, ituma amakuru yoherezwa vuba mu ntera, kandi biroroshye kuyishyira mu bikorwa.
5. Bluetooth na BLE
Bluetooth ni ikoranabuhanga rikunzwe cyane ry'itumanaho rikoresha intera ngufi rigenewe kohereza amakuru kuva ku gice kimwe ujya ku kindi cyangwa kuva ku gice kimwe ujya ku bikoresho byinshi bikoreshwa n'abaguzi.
Kugira ngo habeho ibyo abakoresha bakoresha bakoresha ibikoresho bya IoT bakeneye,Bluetooth ifite ingufu nkeyakozwe. Ibikoresho bikoresha Bluetooth akenshi bihuzwa na telefoni zigendanwa, zikora nk'aho kohereza amakuru mu bicu. Muri iki gihe, BLE ikoreshwa cyane muriibikoresho byo kwa muganga byambarwa.
6. Zigbee n'izindi porotolike z'urushundura
Zigbee isa cyane n'itumanaho rya mesh. Ni ikoranabuhanga rikoresha insinga rikoresha insinga rigufi ritanga serivisi zo kohereza amakuru ya sensor hagati y'amanode.
Bitandukanye n'ikoranabuhanga rya LPWAN, Zigbee itangaumubare munini w'amakuru hamwe n'ubushobozi buke bw'ingufuZigbee n'izindi porogaramu zisa na zo zikwiriye cyane porogaramu za IoT zo mu bwoko bwa "intera ngufi" kugeza ku rwego rwo hagati aho utudomo dukwirakwira cyane kandi ku buryo bungana.
Uburyo bwa kera bwo gukoresha IoT kuri Zigbee niikoranabuhanga ryo mu rugoMuri rusange, Zigbee ntifatwa nk'aho ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu nganda, kuko kuyihuza bidakunze kwizerwa iyo ibyuma bipima bikwirakwijwe mu duce dunini cyangwa ahantu hagoye ho guhurira.
7. LAN / PAN
LAN na PAN ni imiyoboro yo kohereza amakuru ku giciro gito, ariko uburyo bwo kuyihuza ntiburi bwizewe. Mu buryo bwa IoT, PAN na LAN zidafite umugozi zikunze kugaragazwa naWi-Fi na Bluetooth.
Wi-Fi ikora neza cyane mu bidukikije kandi isaba ibimenyetso bikomeye no kuba hafi y'aho umuntu yinjira kugira ngo ikore neza.
8. Kumenya Frequency ya Radio
Igenzura ry'umuvuduko wa radiyo (RFID)ikoresha imiyoboro ya radiyo mu kohereza amakuru make mu ntera ngufi cyane. Ni ingirakamaro cyane mu bucuruzi n'ubwikorezi.
Ibirango bya RFID bikunze gushyirwa ku bicuruzwa cyangwa ibikoresho mu mikorere y’ibicuruzwa, bigatuma ubucuruzi bushobora gukurikirana byoroshye ihererekanya ry’umutungo mu gihe nyacyo. Iri koranabuhanga rifasha koroshya imicungire y’ibicuruzwa n’ububiko. Mu bucuruzi, ibirango bya RFID bikoreshwa cyane cyane muaho kwiyishyurira amafaranga n'amasherufu agezweho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 15-2026